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Reproductive system > I & P Term 1 -- first 1/2 > Flashcards

I & P Term 1 -- first 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Attachment theory by….

A

John Bowlby

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2
Q

What is the attachment theory?

A

States that early life experiences strongly influences later adult functioning and vulnerability to psychopathy

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3
Q

Stages of attachment…

0-2 months?

A

Pre-attachment

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4
Q

How old is a child when ‘attachment in the making’ occurs?

A

2-7 months

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5
Q

What form of attachment occurs between 7-24 months?

A

Clear-cut attachment

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6
Q

When is goal corrected partnership?

A

24 month plus

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7
Q

How old is a child when ‘stranger anxiety’ occurs?

A

10 months

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8
Q

How old is a child when they experience separation distress?

A

12 months

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9
Q

Harlow & Harlow…

A

studied maternal separation and dependency needs by socially isolating baby monkeys

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10
Q

The strange situation….

A

By Ainsworth

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11
Q

What are the different types of attachment as stated by Ainsworth?
How old were the children he examined?

A
  • Secure
  • Insecure (avoidant)
  • Insecure (resistant)
  • Disorganised

-12 months- normally when seperation distress kicks in

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12
Q

What is insecure (avoidant) attachment?

A

Is okay when left with stange AND avoids contact with mum on reunion

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13
Q

What is insecure (resistant) attachment?

A

Very upset when mum leaves, and when mum returns the child is difficult to calm and resists mum

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14
Q

When was the Minnesota Longitudinal study and what did it examine….?

A 
1975
It examined 250 children whose mothers were at moderate risk of psychological problems. It found that after 5 years, insecurely attatched children (be it avoidant or resistant) were:
- more relaible on teachers
-More socially isolated
-More passive and easily frustrated
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15
Q

What is gender?

A

It is chosen, so masculine or feminine

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16
Q

What is the ‘social learning theory’ in sex and gender that leads to gender identity?

A

That children accept their gender as parents continually correct the childs behaviour in accordance to societal gender roles

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17
Q

What is the ‘cognitive development theory’ in sex and gender that leads to gender identity?

A

When the child has adopted a male/female gender identity, they will display according behaviour

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18
Q

How old is a child when they acquire ‘gender identity’ and what is this?

A

Its when they can say who is a boy and who is a girl

Occurs at 2-3 years

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19
Q

How old is a child when they obtain ‘gender stability’?

A

4 years

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20
Q

What is ‘gender constancy’ and how old is a child when they acquire gender constancy?

A

’ Boys don’t change into girls by wearing a dress’- gender is constant
4-5 years

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21
Q

Male and females have the same cognitive abilities, but men have better…..(what 3 abilities?)

A
  • Verbal
    -Spatial
    -Maths
    ……abilies
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22
Q

What is the ‘gender similarities’ hypothesis?

A

= males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables.
The only difference is in throwing, sexuality and physcial aggression.

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23
Q

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Schemas?

A

Theories on how the physical and social world operate

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24
Q

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Assimilation?

A

Understanding a new object, it is how humans perceive and adapt to new information

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25
Q

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Accommodation?

A

Modifying a pre-existing schema (theory)

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26
Q

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Operation?

A

Metal consideration of information in a logical manner

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27
Q

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Conservation?

A

Understanding that amount is unrelated to apperance

28
Q

Who developed the 4 stages of child development?

A

Jean Piaget

29
Q

What are the 4 different stages of child development?

A
  1. Sensoirmotor
  2. Pre-operational
  3. Concrete operational
  4. Formal operational
30
Q

What is ‘sensorimotor’ in child developement and how old is the child when it occurs?

A

Birth-2 years
When infants construct knowlege and understanding of the world around them by coordinating experiences with physical interactions

31
Q

What stage of child development in Jean Piaget stages occurs between 2-7 years and what occurs?

A

Pre-operational
When children cannot mentially manipulate information, but have some understanding- although it can only be considered from one view point

32
Q

What is ‘concrete operational’ child development in Jean Piagets stages?

A

When children can use logic, can draw from personal experiences and can consider problems in reverse

33
Q

What is ‘formal operational’ child behaviour?
Who wrote it as one of four stages?
how old is a child when they undergo this behaviour?

A
  • The ability to reason in symbolic terms and can plan ahead
  • 11 years +
  • Jean Piaget
34
Q

What is The Wechsler adult intellegence test?

What 4 types of cognition does it pick up on?

A

A test that is divided into 14 collections to examine 2 forms of IQ: Verbal and performance

  1. Verbal comprehension
  2. Performance organisation
  3. Working memory
  4. Processing speed
35
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

Detailed study and shape of the cranium

36
Q

What does the left hemisphere control?

A
  • Complex language and logical functions

- Mathematics

37
Q

What does the right hemisphere control?

A
  • Simple language functions
  • Spatial/pattern abilities
  • Emotional regulation
38
Q

What is commissurotomy?

A

A surgical incision to cut the corpus callosum.

This leads to split brain, where each side of the brain acts individually with different functions

39
Q

What is phonology?

A

Sound systems- combination word rules for meaningful speech

40
Q

What is sematics?

A

Expressing the meaning of words and sentences

The smallest meaning of words that carry a meaning

41
Q

What is Syntax?

A

The form or structure of a words and sentences

42
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

Rules about language in social content

43
Q

What does the pre-linguistic period consist of?

A

Consists of crying, cooing and babbling. Babies also learn turn-taking and intoniation (pitch said of words)

44
Q

What stage of language is between 12-18 months?

A

‘Appreciation of meaning’ of words

45
Q

How old is a child when they undergo ‘telegraphic speech’ and what is it?

A
  • 18-24 months

- 2 word utterances to covey meaning e.g. more outside

46
Q

How old is a child when they begin to have an interest in rhymes/songs, commentries etc

A

3-5 years

47
Q

What stage of developing language occurs in a child 2+ years?

A

Beginning of adult speech?

48
Q

What is propositional speech?

A

Verbal language

49
Q

What is imaginable though?

A

Visual imagery of thought

50
Q

What is Skinners theory?

A

That language is learnt

This is done via social input from adults

51
Q

How thought that ‘children are born with language’? and are prewired to understand grammer?

A

Chomsky

52
Q

List 4 things that proove that language is a biologically programmed behaviour?

A
  1. Spontaneity
  2. Lennenbergs critical period hypothesis- he though that acquiring language is linked to age
  3. Comparisons with animal language
  4. Deafness
53
Q

What 2 brain areas are involved in language?

A
  • The Brocas area

- Wernickes area

54
Q

In addition to the Brocas area and Wernickes area, what 2 parts of the brain are involved in a heard word?

A
  • Primary auditory area

- Motor area

55
Q

In addition to the Brocas area and Wernickes area, what 3 parts of the brain are involved in a read word?

A
  • Primary visual area
  • Angular gyrus
  • Motor area
56
Q

What is expressive asphasia?

A

The loss of ability to produce language

57
Q

What type of asphasia is it when you are unable to understand language?

A

Receptive asphasia

58
Q

What is the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child (1992)?

A

A list of 40 specific rights children have

59
Q

What are the 3 types of parenting?

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • Permissive
60
Q

What is permissive parenting?

A

When the parents has relaxed ideas about discipline and behaviour?

61
Q

What type of parenting is it when the parent has strict ideas about discipline and behaviour that are not open to discussion?
They are demanding and unresponsive

A

Authoritarian

62
Q

How old are children when they start to show interest in peers?

A

12-18 months

63
Q

How old are children when they play on their own but next to eachother?

A

2-4 years

64
Q

What type of play do children have between 5-6 years?

A

Group play but in single sex groups

65
Q

How old are children when they develop cliques who tend to be mixed sex?

A

12+ years

66
Q

What are the 4 types of Sociometric status?

A
  • Popular
  • Controversial
  • Neglected
  • Rejected
67
Q

What type of sociometric status is it when children are the high ‘liked’ and also have high ‘disliked’?

A

Controversial!!!

Reproductive system (4 decks)

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