Watery World

Question 1

What are the three main areas water is used for in a

country?

Answer 1

1. Domestic Use
2. Agricultural Use
3. Industrial Use

Question 2

Describe the main differences in water consumption

between HICs and LICs.

Answer 2

HICs have a much greater water consumption
than LICs
- In LICs – most of the water is used in
agriculture – whereas in HICs, most of the
water is use in industry
- HICs use a much greater % of water for
domestic use than LICs

Question 3

Why do HICs use such a high % water for domestic

purposes?

Answer 3

Labour Saving Devices – increase use of
washing machines and dishwashers
- Luxury Uses – e.g. washing cars / swimming
pools / watering golf courses
- Personal Hygiene - increasingly a showering
society
Gardening – hose pipes etc

Question 4

Describe and explain the differences in the use of

water in agriculture between HICs and LICs.

Answer 4

LICs – use a great % of their water for
agricultural (due to reliance on primary
industry) and the growing population and demand for food – the irrigation techniques used are traditional and often inefficient – large amounts of water wasted.
HICs – less % of water used for agricultural (greater importing of food) – the irrigation machines used use more water but are automated and make much more efficient use of water in its distribution.

Question 5

Why is there much greater use of water for industry in

HICs than LICs?

Answer 5

There is much greater consumption of
water for industry in HICs due to the large scale type of
industry and the use of water for cooling purposes etc.
In LICs, industries are much smaller scale, often based in houses or small shacks and use little water. Although as multinational’s such as Cocoa Cola invest in LICs such
as India, the use of water for industry in these areas has significantly increased.

Question 6

Domestic

Answer 6

– relation to use in the home

Question 7

Irrigation –

Answer 7

the watering of crops by artificial means

Question 8

Reservoir

Answer 8

– an artificial lake created as part of water

supply system

Question 9

Aquifer

Answer 9

an underground layer of water-bearing,

permeable rock.

Question 10

Water surplus

Answer 10

where there is more useable water than is

required (supply exceeds demand)

Question 11

Water deficit –

Answer 11

where the available usable water supply is

not enough to satisfy demand

Question 12

Point source pollution –

Answer 12

contamination resulting from

emissions from a particular location

Question 13

Non-point source pollution

Answer 13

contamination resulting from

emissions from a range of locations.

Question 14

Appropriate technology –

Answer 14

– equipment used by the local

community that is low cost and relatively easy to us

Question 15

How does greater wealth lead to increasing water

consumption?

Answer 15

Wealthy countries – have ability to meet high
demand from agriculture (for irrigation)
reservoirs and distribution systems built
water on tap – easier for people to take for granted as easily
available
higher income – greater domestic water use
use of labour saving devices (e.g. washing machines – use
large amounts of water)
more luxuries like swimming pools / golf courses
‘showering’ societies – 2/3 showers a day

Question 16

What problems might be caused when a reservoir

is built?

Answer 16

Often require resettlement of large numbers
of people
- Construction can be very expensive
- Buildings and farmland maybe lost due to
flooding the area to create the reservoir
- Environmental impact (natural migration
routes cut off / loss of habitats).

Question 17

Name 5 water supply problems in HICs.

Answer 17

Leakage
2. Rainfall and Population Imbalance (uneven
distribution)
3. Variability in Rainfall
4. Seasonality – rainfall imbalance
5. Pollution

Question 18

Explain the following water supply problems:

1. Leakage

Answer 18

Leakage – loss of water through broken pipes is
an increasing problem – in areas such as London – over
50% of pipes are over 100 – ageing pipes leak and traffic
and freezing weather damage pipes further. Daily cost to
economy of water leakage in UK - £1,500,000 - £3.6 mill.

Question 19

Name 3 water supply problems in LICs

Answer 19

Lack of available clean water
2. Water related diseases (e.g. cholera)
3. Pollution of water through resource
exploitation

Question 20

f water-bourne diseases.

Answer 20

Typhoid
Bilharzia
Cholera

Question 21

Describe 2 examples of management of domestic water use in HICs

Answer 21

for what use)
####Water conservation – dual flush on toilets and ‘Hippo’ – save a
flush blag – saving 1 litre of water per flush
####Recycling Water – use of grey water on garden or collecting
water in water butt.
####Stop Water Waste – fixing broken pipes / dripping taps and use
of hosepipe bans.

Question 22

Describe ways in which agricultural water use can be managed in HICs.

Answer 22

Overhead irrigation sprinklers and drip irrigation –minimise losses due to evaporation or runoff
Conservation of water – furrows created to prevent runoff; use of soil moisture / rainfall sensors to ensure crops only watered when needed; loosen compacted soil to encourage infiltration.

Question 23

Name four examples of water management

techniques in LICs.

Answer 23

1. Hand-dug wells
2. Rainwater Harvesting
3. Gravity-fed schemes
4. Tubewells and Boreholes
5. Recycling

Question 24

What is a gravity-fed water management scheme?

Answer 24

water from water sources higher up are
piped down to communities by gravity fed schemes.
These are where high up springs / small unpolluted streams which flow throughout the year are dammed and piped down to storage tanks in villages

Question 25

Why is there conflict over use of the Colorado

river?

Answer 25

Those who live in upper part of basin use water for irrigation
and cattle
- Those in the lower part – population increased rapidly – new
towns like Las Vegas, Phoenix and Tuscan – developed
demanding water and HEP (in very dry areas – yet have huge
demand for water)
- native Indian population – claim rights to water
- farmers along course want water for irrigation.

Question 26

What has been done to manage the Colorado

River?

Answer 26

1936 – the Hoover Dam and Lake Mead – then the Parker dam
which fed 400km of water pipelines to California.
- Further dams including the Davis and Imperial regulate flow in
lower basin
- In 1991 the Central Arizona Project (CAP) – completed with
aqueducts transporting water 500km across the desert Phoenix
and Tuscan

Question 27

What are the advantages of Hoover dam

Answer 27

It is on the Colorado river
»>Electricity-provides electricity for people around using the hydroelectric power system
»»Water-supplies surrounding states with drinking water
»>Flood presentation-prevents floods as it holds water back

Question 28

What are the disadvantages of Hoover dam

Answer 28

> > > Releases methane -still water causes organic matter to die ,releasing methane
destroys natural ecosystems
water quality is disturbed

Question 29

What are the causes mn bof water pollution

Answer 29

-=the results of feforestation
=poor farming methods-fertilisers and pestcides run off into water courses
=mining and industry-dangerous chemicals seep into water courses

Question 30

how to manage water in industry

Answer 30

==reduce pollutants in the water, e.g.

=reuse of watwr from cooling process

Question 31

Syney olympic park positives

Answer 31

==saves 850 million litres of drinking watyer
=almost 100% of sewage re-used
==improves public confidence in recycled water
==

Question 32

Sydney olympic park negatives

Answer 32

==expensive to complete
==developers had to consider energy conservation ,waste management and protection of heritage ?biodiveraity
==project had to make sure that water was safe to use