Life Processes Flashcards
Name the parts of an animal cell
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- mitochondria
Name the parts of a plant cell
- cell wall
- permanent vacuole
- chloroplasts
- nucleus
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- cytoplasm
What are enzymes ?
Biological catalysts that speed up and control metabolic reactions
Describe how an enzyme works
1) substrate enters active site
2) reaction takes place and substrate is broken down
3) broken down substrate exits active site
Name the two factors that affect the function of enzymes and how they do so
1) temperature - speeds up reaction as substrates collide more as they have more energy . Too hot and protein of enzyme will break down and enzyme denature
2) ph - enzymes work best in neutral ph
Give the word equation and symbol equation for respiration
Glucose+oxygen—>carbondioxide+water+energy
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)—>6CO(2)+6H(2)O
What is the energy produced by respiration used for in humans
- contraction of muscle cells , movement
- active transport of molecules
- building protein
- cell division
Whats the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose—> lactic acid
C(6)H(12)O(6) —>2C(3)H(6)O(3)
When do you anaerobically respire
When oxygen isnt available eg during exercise
Name the three ways substances can move in cells
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Define diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient
Define osmosis
The net movement of Water particles across a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient
Name some specialised cells
Nerve cell- elongated to carry impulses
Sperm cell- tail for swimming
Root hair cell- large surface area to vol
Xylem vessels - strengthening rings
How do you test for carbon dioxide
Lime water go from clear to milky
Define active transport
When substances are moved against a concentration gradient using energy
