Nucleic Acids

Question 1

component elements

Answer 1

C, H, O, P, N

Question 2

Functions

Answer 2

DNA: contain genetic info (“blueprints for proteins”)
RNA: builder of proteins

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

What is the structure of a nucleic acid monomer?

Answer 4

nitrogen containing base + 5 carbon sugar (pentose) + phosphate group

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

nucleic acid

Question 6

the Deoxyribose nucleic acid’s structure is…

Answer 6

A double helix. This is a double strand of nucleotides in a “twisted ladder” formation

Question 7

DNA is located in the…

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

The function of DNA is…

Answer 8

contains all the hereditary info for the cell/ organism (“blueprint for proteins”)

Question 9

The nitrogen containing bases of DNA are…

Answer 9

adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine

Question 10

The 5 carbon sugar (pentose) of DNA is…

Answer 10

deoxyribose

Question 11

The structure of a Ribonucleic acid is…

Answer 11

A single helix (single strand of nucleotides)

Question 12

RNA is located…

Answer 12

both in and out of the nucleus

Question 13

The function of RNA is…

Answer 13

to carry info to the site of construction of proteins in a cell (“builder of proteins”)

Question 14

Nitrogen containing compounds of RNA are…

Answer 14

adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine

Question 15

The 5 carbon sugar of RNA is…

Answer 15

ribose

Question 16

Adenine forms a bond with…

Answer 16

Thymine

Question 17

Guanine forms a bond with…

Answer 17

Cytosine

Question 18

Thymine forms a bond with…

Answer 18

Adenine

Question 19

Cytosine forms a bond with…

Answer 19

Guanine

Question 20

Uracil forms a bond with…

Answer 20

Adenine

Question 21

List the three steps of DNA replication

Answer 21

1. Double helix is unzipped at its hydrogen bonds by enzyme (helicase)
2. DNA nucleotides are brought to exposed nitrogen containing bases to form hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs
3. Two identical double helices are formed (sister chromatids)

Question 22

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 22

During the S phase of interphase in the nucleus

Question 23

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 23

gene expression

Question 24

How does protein synthesis occur?

Answer 24

Information in chromosome us copied in the nucleus by mRNA and carried to the cytoplasm where the proteins are made

Question 25

List the three steps of Transcription?

Answer 25

1. Region of chromosomes containing a gene is untwisted, and unzipped by the enzyme (helicase)
2. RNA nucleotides are brought to the exposed nitrogen containing bases to form hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs.
3. Once a DNA strand has been copied in the form of RNA covalent bonds are formed between RNA nucleotides and a strand of mRNA separates itself from DNA.

Question 26

What are the three steps in Translation?

Answer 26

1. mRNA leaves the nucleus through tiny openings in the membrane. It travels to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
2. 3 nucleotides at a time (codon) are read by the ribosomes. Amino acids in the cytoplasm are attached to a growing chain of a protein, according to the info in each codon. (nucleic acid info is translated into protein structure)
3. Each RNA codon attracts a specific amino acid

Question 27

THe primary structure of a protein is…

Answer 27

the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide chain.