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JG Year 2 > 232 Epilepsy > Flashcards

232 Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Part of the limbic system - learning, memory and emotion

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2
Q

What is the septal area?

A

Considered pleasure zone in animals - reward and reinfocement Connections with the hippocampus etc - part of limbic system

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3
Q

Which part of the brain is important in spatial memory and learning?

A

Hippocampus

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4
Q

Which area of the brain is associated with fear and emotion?

A

Amygdala

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5
Q

Name 2 personality traits associated with Geschwind syndrome (7 listed)

A

Hypergraphia Hypo sexuality Emotional viscosity/stickiness Turbulent emotions Mood swings Psychotic and quasi psychotic phenomena Hyper-religiosity

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6
Q

Where in the brain is epilepsy most common?

A

Temporal lobes

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7
Q

What is the difference between a simple partial seizure and complex partial seizures?

A

Complex = LOC

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8
Q

What kind of seizure is characterised by lip smacking and swallowing?

A

Complex partial seizure originating from the temporal lobe.

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9
Q

What are of the brain would cause a ‘jacksonian march’ epileptic seizure?

A

Frontal lobe

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10
Q

What is a generalised epileptic seizure?

A

Tonic clonic seizure

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11
Q

Which limbs are affected predominantly in a tonic clonic seizure?

A

Upper limbs

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12
Q

Which type of epileptic seizures often begin in childhood/adolescence and show a 3 per second generalised spike and wave pattern on EEG with an immediate recovery

A

Absent

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13
Q

When do myoclonic seizures normally happen?

A

In the morning

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14
Q

What kind of seizures are associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?

A

Atonic/tonic

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15
Q

What are the 3 gold standard investigations following a seizure?

A

ECG EEG Imaging

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16
Q

Name 2 causes of epilepsy in young infants (4 listed)

A

Perinatal intracranial trauma/hypoxia Congenital abnormalities Infection Metabolic disturbances

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17
Q

Name 2 causes of epilepsy in adults

A

Following injury as children Brain tumours

18
Q

What is the most common cause of epilepsy in the >50s?

A

CV events

19
Q

Name 3 rarer causes of epilepsy

A

Tay Sachs Neurofibromatosis PKU Tuberous sclerosis

20
Q

Name 2 anti-epileptic drugs (4 listed)

A

Carbamazepine Sodium valproate Lamotrigine Leviteracetam

21
Q

Which AED inhibits sustained repetitive firing at Na channels? - carbamazepine - sodium valproate - lamotrigine - leviteracetam

A

Carbamazepine

22
Q

Which AED inhibits voltage gated Na channels and can cause a rash? - carbamazepine - sodium valproate - lamotrigine - leviteracetam

A

Lamotrigine

23
Q

Which AED is the most teratogenic? - carbamazepine - sodium valproate - lamotrigine - leviteracetam

A

Sodium valproate

24
Q

Which AED is thought to increase GABA as well as inhibiting Na channels? - carbamazepine - sodium valproate - lamotrigine - leviteracetam

A

Sodium valproate

25
Q

Which AED is thought to stimulate SV2A, inhibiting neurotransmitter release? - carbamazepine - sodium valproate - lamotrigine - leviteracetam

A

Leviteracetam

26
Q

What is the first line treatment for epilepsy in a woman of childbearing age with a generalised epilepsy?

A

Lamotrigine

27
Q

What is the first line treatment for a partial/focal epilepsy?

A

Carbamazepine

28
Q

Which AED can the OCP and warfarin affect?

A

Carbamazepine

29
Q

What is the initial treatment for early status epilepticus?

A

ABCs IV lorazepam

30
Q

What is the drug of choice for treatment of established status epilepticus?

A

IV phenytoin

31
Q

What is the treatment for non convulsive status epilepticus?

A

benzos

32
Q

What are roving eye movements in a coma a sign of?

A

Intact brainstem

33
Q

What could papilloedema in a comatose patient indicate?

A

Raised ICP SAH

34
Q

What does horizontal deviation of the eyes indicate? (choice of 2)

A

Ipsilateral frontal lobe damage Contralateral pontine damage

35
Q

What is the oculocephalic response?

A

Turning the head and eyes are like ‘dolls eyes’…

36
Q

What is the diagnosis if the pupils are non-responsive to light?

A

Large brainstem lesion

37
Q

Name 2 drugs which may make the pupils react to light despite there being a big brainstem lesion during coma (4 listed)

A

Atropine Cocaine Ecstatsy Aphetamines

38
Q

What is the most common outcome of coma other than death?

A

Minimally conscious state

39
Q

What is most likely outcome of a coma (other than death) caused by: 1. Hypoxia 2. Cerebrovascular 3. Drug OD

A
  1. Persistent vegetative state 2. Persistent vegetative state 3. Good recovery
40
Q

What is the best treatment for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?

A

Therapeutic hypothermia

41
Q

Name 3 signs of brainstem death

A

Absent pupil response Absent corneal response Absent vestibulo cochlear reflex Absent cough Absent motor response to pain No respiratory response to hypercapnia

JG Year 2 (28 decks)

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