Chapman's Lecture

Question 1

What are the components of a monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 1

primary afferent neuron, one synapse, central motor efferent neuron

Question 2

How does a monosynaptic reflex work?

Answer 2

info in, immediate synapse on motor neuron

Question 3

what are the components of a polysynaptic reflex?

Answer 3

primary afferent, interneuron, efferent neuron

Question 4

how does a polysynaptic reflex work?

Answer 4

interneurons used to modulate information coming in; performs complicated responses to sensory information

Question 5

How does the autonomic reflex arc work?

Answer 5

afferent-> efferent -> Periph ANS

Question 6

how does the autonomic reflex differ from the somatic reflex arc?

Answer 6

ANS has 2 efferent neurons

Somatic PNS has 1 efferent

Question 7

describe the somato-somatic reflex? example?

Answer 7

somat- to somatic; may have at least 1 interneuron

examples: touch hot object, cat righting reflex

Question 8

describe the viscera-visceral reflex? example?

Answer 8

sensory from viscera to cord, efferent to viscera (via ANS)

example: distended bowel causing spasm

Question 9

describe the somato-visceral/viscero-somatic reflex? example?

Answer 9

includes interneurons; may be the basis for referred pain

Question 10

How are the reflexes utilized in body’s homeostasis? somatic dysfunction?

Answer 10

integrate fxns of body systems; forms basis of the whole body; clues for somatic dysfxn related to viscera supplied by that spinal level when findings are recurrent despite ongoing tx; tx spinal cord will decrease visceral efferents= calming

Question 11

Who was Frank Chapman? What was his contribution to Osteopathy?

Answer 11

Graduate of ASO 1897; experience in palpation lead to discover nodules, believed there was a neurolymphatic reflex basis= “endocrine reflexes”/ “ganglioform contractions”

Question 12

Describe Chapman’s tx approach to his patients

Answer 12

used to stimulate healing in difficult patients, “started healing process sooner” thought he was treating lymphatics

Question 13

describe the tx technique for treating Chapman’s points

Answer 13

anterior points first! (diagnosis +tx) then posterior (tx), verify by palpation, gently rotate tip of finger over point, tx posterior, recheck anterior points; tx done when reflex is gone, hold 10-30 (less is more)

Question 14

How are Chapman’s reflexes utilized in today’s Osteopathic approach to a patient?

Answer 14

integral part of an osteopathic PE than as a specific therapeutic intervention

Question 15

Be able to describe how there is overlap with acupuncture meridians and Chapman’s points

Answer 15

There is some? Don’t know what Treffer was going for with this one: kidney, spleen, liver, all the shit.

Question 16

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: ENT

Answer 16

1st intercostal space: “3.5 inches lateral to sternum on upper border of 2nd rib”

Question 17

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: heart

Answer 17

2nd intercostal space near sternum

Question 18

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: lungs

Answer 18

3rd and 4th intercostal space near sternum

Question 19

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: appendix

Answer 19

anterior: tip of 12th rib on right

[posterior: between transverse process of T11-12 (tender, no palpable nodules)]

Question 20

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: small/large bowel

Answer 20

small- intercostal spaces: (used to differentiate between ulcer and enteritis)
ribs 8-9: upper
ribs 9-10: middle
ribs 10-11: lower
large- anterolateral aspect between greater trochanter to just above patella
top 1/5: cecum
mid 3/5: ascending colon
lowest 1/5: transverse colon

Question 21

Anterior Chapman’s pt for: kidney/adrenal glands

Answer 21

kidney: inch lateral and inch above umbilicus
adrenal: inch lateral and 2 inches above umbilicus