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LYMPH > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do lymphocytes mostly circulate

A

Blood not lymphatics

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2
Q

Define immunity

A

Resistance to biological invasion/ tissue alterations
Familiar and non familiar
Function/ dysfunctional

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3
Q

Innate immunity is based on Recognition of what

A

Pattern recognition

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4
Q

Adaptive immunity is based on Recognition of what

A

Epitope

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5
Q 
Chose Innate or adaptive for 
A) natural
B)multi-step
C)non-clonal
D)somatic
E)memory
F) germ-line encoded
A 
A) innate
B) adaptive
C) innate
D) adaptive
E) adaptive
F) innate
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6
Q

What tissue do all species have

A

General heamatopoietic

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7
Q

Where does the spleen develop

A

Within the dorsal gastric mesentary

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8
Q

What does he speak become invaded with in development

A

Mesenchymal cells ( not endodermal)

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9
Q

What is the preliminary stage of sleek development

A

14th gw numerous blood cells growing amount a reticular network =haemtopoiesis

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10
Q

What is the transformational stage of the spleen

A

15-17gw

Splenic lobules and red pulp forms

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11
Q

What do the stage of lymphoid colonisation

A

18th gw development of white pulp

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12
Q

How do lymph vessel develop

A

From three sets of primitive lymph sacs that arise from developing veins

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13
Q

Where is lymph not present

A

Avascular structures- epidermis, cartilage, cornea) or in cns including retina

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14
Q

What do the specific hematopoietic cell types and distinct stork all components provide

A

Define location of these tissue

Provide necessary signals for attraction, specification, differentiation and maturation of immune effect cells

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15
Q

What is a follicle and what are its subtypes

A

Clusters of lymphatic cells in a framework of reticular fibres
Solitary or organised

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16
Q

What are the different lymphoid compartments

A 
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow 
Tonsils
Diffuse lymphoid tissue
17
Q

What are the different types of diffuse lymphoid tissue

A 
MALT mucosa
NALT nasopharynx
BALT bronchus
GALT gut
CALT colonic cavity 
FALC fat associated lymphoid clusters ( adrenal, mesenteric, gonadal adipose)
18
Q

What are the different categories of lymphoid organs

A 
Primary/ central lymphoid organs - generate naive lymphocytes
Bone marrow ( leukopoiesis)
Thymus ( T cell selection)

Peripheral secondary- convert naive lymphocytes
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Diffuse tissues

Tertiary/ectopic- chronic inflammatory sites ( environmentally induced)!

19
Q

Where does the induction of immunity and tolerance take place

A

Organised tissues eg BALT/GALT / NALT

20
Q

What inductive site do bronchi have

A

BALT

21
Q

Where is the effect sit for peyers patches

A

Small bowel

22
Q

What is the difference in humoral and cellular immunity

A

Humoral- antibodies. B cells
Defends against viruses and bacteria
No response to transplant or chance

Cell mediated- T cells ( 4 types) defence against all pathogens and transplants and cancer

23
Q

What is the endogenous pathway of antigen presentation

A 
Proteins degraded in the cytosol by the proteasome and cut by the ER-resident amino peptides ERAP1 into peptides 8-10 aa long 
Presented by MHC class 1 and recognised by CD8
24
Q

Explain the exogenous antigen presentation pathway

A 
Exogenous antigens derived from proteins degraded in endosomes but hydrolytic enzymes such as cathepsins into peptides 15-24 aa long
Presented my MHC class 2 and recognised by CD4
25
Q

What is the TCR peptide - MHC binding require

A

Significant activation energy Barrie’s to be overcome- highly entropic

26
Q

What are the major functions of the IS

A

1) priming of responses in which T cell is receiving information
2) Effexor functions in which the T cell is sending information

27
Q

What is an IS formed of

A

Three rings if membrane receptors and there A - supramolecular activation clusters
Central - concentrates most of TCR and CD28
Peripheral- integrins
Distal- proteins with large ectoderm aims such as cd43 and cd45

28
Q

What is the function of be ‘lymphatic’ system

A

Cardiovascular (10% return of interstitial fluid to circ) and nutrional ( chylomicrons)

29
Q

What is the chain of events leading to the IS

A

Pre-existing tcr nano clusters
Forming of microclusters upon binding of pMHC
Expansions rind that spreads the T cells membrane
Centripetal movement if TCR mc
TCR mc concentrate in an internal ring essentially devoid of signalling proteins
TCR mc are internalised

30
Q

What are the three signals before a response

A

MHC ag TCR stimulates the T cell through the accessory cd3 chains

Costimulation filters the T cell to high and low affinity
Microenvironment optimises and polarises the response via cytokines

31
Q

What is the immunological gap

A

Vulnerable period between initial contact and onset of adaptive immunity ( several days)

32
Q

How is he immunological gap shortened

A

can be shorted by memory function and the innate like cells - nk cells, T cells

33
Q

Which cells can present using what MHC class

A 
MHC class 1- all nucleated cells
MHC class 2- professional APC's 
B cells monocytes macrophages and dendritic cells
34
Q

What t and B cells are APC’s

A 
Cd8 ( MHC class 1)- cytotoxic 
Cd4 (MHC class 2) th1 cells- cellular response - th2 cells humoral response 
T17 regulatory cells

Follicular B cells

35
Q

What are the four function of lymphoid tissue

A

Provide supportive niches for the development of clonally diverse lymphocytes
Ensure elaboration of self tolerant antigen receptor repertoire- enable contact of lymphocytes and matching antigen and regulates subsequent clocal expansion and differentiation
Regulate eficiency and precession of immune responses
disperse resulting pop through the body

LYMPH (5 decks)

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