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UA > Test 2 hematology > Flashcards

Test 2 hematology Flashcards

1
Q

decreased number of WBCs

A

Leukopenia

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2
Q

Left Shift definition

A

Proportion of immature neutrophils (band cells) increases over mature leukocytes

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3
Q

Normally __-__% of our white cells are bands.

A

2-6

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4
Q

The bone marrow is stimulated by __ or __

A

inflammation

infection

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5
Q

Right shift definition

A

Ratio of immature to mature neutrophils is considered with reduced count or lack of young neutrophils in blood smear

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6
Q

Right shift is associated with presence of __ __. This fact shows suppression of __ __ activity

A

giant neutrophils

bone marrow

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7
Q

Neutrophils %

A

40-65

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8
Q

Lymphocytes %

A

20-35

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9
Q

Monocytes %

A

2-10

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10
Q

Eosinophils %

A

1-6

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11
Q

Basophils %

A

0.5-1

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12
Q

Polymorphonuclear WBCs

A

Neutrophils (2-5 nuclei)
Eosinophils (2 nuclei)
Basophils (2 nuclei)

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13
Q

Mononuclear WBCs

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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14
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are aka ___ due to presence of __ in their cytoplasmm visible in light microscope.

A

granulocytes

granules

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15
Q

Mononuclear leukocytes are aka ___ because there are no visible granules in light microscope

A

agranulocytes

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16
Q

neutrophil function

A

1st wbc to enter site of inflammation

-phagocytosis

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17
Q

Neutrophils are associated with

A

Bacterial Infection
Fungal Infection
Inflammation

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18
Q

Lifetime of neutrophils

A

6 hrs- a few days

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19
Q

Causes of Neutropenia

A

Marrow Depression

Viral Infection

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20
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

Histaminase located in granules inactivates histamine

Production of eicosanoids

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21
Q

Eosinophils play a role in…

A

allergic reaction
bronchial asthma
parasitic infestations

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22
Q

Eosinophil lifetime

A

8-12 days

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23
Q

decreased eosinophils may manifest in __

A

Cushing’s

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24
Q

Function of basophils

A

Synthesize and store histamine and heparin

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25
Q

Lifetime of basophils

A

A few hours to a few days

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26
Q

BAsophils are associated with..

A

Inflammation (histamine)
Hypersensitivity
Infections (TB, smallpox)
Polycythemia

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27
Q

Lymphocytes divisions

A

B-
T-
Natural killers

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28
Q

Function of lymphocytes

A

Affector cells of immune system
B-cells produce plasma cells
Regulation of immune system
antiviral, antitumorous

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29
Q

Lifetime of lymphocytes

A

years for memory cells, weeks for all else

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30
Q

Lymphocytes increased levels associated with..

A

Infectious mononucleosis (atypical lymphocytes)

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31
Q

Monocytes function

A

Phagocytosis (most active of all phagocytic cells)

-mature into macrophage

32
Q

Normal RBC count

A

3.8-5.1 million/cubic millimeter

33
Q

Different size of rbc

A

anicocytosis

34
Q

Different Shape of RBC

A

Poikilocytosis

35
Q

Increased RBC size–> Macrocytes. Found in : (4)

A

MEgaloblastic anemia
autoimmune hemolytic anemias
alcoholism
chronic liver diseases

36
Q

Decreased RBC size–> Microcytes. Found in: (3)

A

Iron-deficiency anemia
thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia

37
Q

tear drop morphology is found with..

A

Myelofibrosis

38
Q

Whata are fragments that are small, spherical, triangular, or irregular?

A

Schistocytes

39
Q

Crenated description

A

multiple short symmetric projections (10-30 of same length), not related to any disease

40
Q

Acanthocytes description. Found in??

A

Irregular unequal spicules

found in splenoectomy

41
Q

Burr cells description. found in?

A

irregular, assymetric projections, small cells

found in uremia

42
Q

spur cells description

A

Long irregularly shaped projections

-liver disease, uremia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

43
Q

Target cells: increase __ __ due to increased __ and __: found in…

A 
surface area
cholesterol
lecithin
-obstructive liver diseases
-abnormal Hb diseases
-iron deficiency anemia
44
Q

spherocytes description

A

loss of biconcavity, smaller in diameter, dark color without central pallor area.

45
Q

basophilic stippling is caused by aggregates of __ that look like dark __ granules throughout the cells.. Found with: (2)

A

ribosomes
blue
-lead pisoning
-thalassemia

46
Q

Cabot rings are __ shaped, __ __ structures. found in (2)

A

ring
figure eight
lead poisoning
pernicious anemia

47
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies are __ nuclear remnants, single deep __ color, foound in:

A

megaloblastic anemia
hemolytic anemia
post-splenectomy

48
Q

Reticulocytes are immature __ cells with cytoplasmic ___, appear as diffusely __ in color. The number of reticulocytes is a good indicator of __ __ acitivity

A

red
RNA
blue
bone marrow

49
Q

Normal hematocrit for men and women

A

45% for men

40% for women

50
Q

Each gram of Hb binds ___ mL of O2

A

1.34

51
Q

Normal levels of Hb

A

11.6-15.2

52
Q

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF)

A

a2y2

53
Q

Adult Hemoglobin (HbA)

A

a2B2

54
Q

Primitive Hemoglobin (HbP)

A

a2s2

55
Q

Decreased Hb levels typically found in

A

iron deficiency anemia

56
Q

Mean Copuscular Volume (MCV) indicates what?

A

average size of the RBC

57
Q

MCV normal range is __-__ femtoliters (fL)- in normocytes

A

80-99

58
Q

-MCV

A

80

59
Q

MCV > or equal to __ fL means bigger cell size

A

100

60
Q

Mean Corpuscular HEmoglobin (MCH) is what?

A

Average mass of Hb per RBC

61
Q

Mormal range of MCH

A

(normochromic) 27-31 picograms (pg)

62
Q

MEan corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC) is what?

A

Measure of concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed RBCs

63
Q

How do you calculate MCHC

A

Divide MCH by MCV

*normal is 32-36 g/dL

64
Q

Methoglobinemia manifestations

70%

A 
no manifestations
skin discoloration (blush)
headache, anxiety, dyspnea
fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, confusion
coma, arrhythma
death
65
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is what?

A

The rate at which RBCs sediment in a period of one hour

66
Q

normal range for esr for males and females

A

males: 1-13 mm/hr
females: 1-20 mm/hour

67
Q

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) is a blood test that tests the bloods capacity to bind __ to __

A

iron

transferrin

68
Q

Normal range of iron in the blood

A

60-170 mcg/dL

69
Q

TIBC range

A

240-450 mcg/dL

70
Q

transferrin saturation range

A

20-50%

71
Q

Ferritin is a __ storage protein found in __ cells

A

iron

reticulo-endothelial

72
Q

Normal range of ferritin

A

20-300 nanograms/ml

73
Q

Serum ferritin levels are generally accepted as reliable single indicators of the presence of __ deficiency

A

iron

74
Q

Name some coagulation tests

A 
Bleding time
partial thromboplastin time
prothrombin time
activated clotting time
plasma thrombin time
plasma fibrinogen
Fibrin split products
75
Q

Normal bleeding time

A

3-6 minutes

76
Q

Incisions are not made it platelet count is

A

75 thousand/ mcl

77
Q

Elevated bleeding time cause

A

vit. K deficiency

UA (3 decks)

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