Esophageal and Gastric Pathology Flashcards
In early development, the trachea and the esophagus are lined by what kind of epithelium?
CILIATED, stratified columnar
Describe the epithelial changes the esophagus goes through
Ciliated stratified columnar –> less stratified columnar –> columnar with mucinous secretion –> non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is gastric ectopia?
A piece of the esophagus epithelium does not change to stratified squamous but remains as columnar
What is congenital/infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Muscles in pylorus are so thick they look like an abdominal mass
Presents early in life with new-onset regurgitation, projectile, non-bilious vomiting after feeding
What are esophageal webs? Where are they located? How do they present?
eccentric, thin membranes of tissue in the esophagus
Proximal region
Asymptomatic
What are esophageal rings? Where are they located? How do they present?
Concentric, thin diaphragm of tissue in the esophagus
Distal Esophagus
Asymptomatic
What are pulsion diverticula? Where are they located? How do they present?
Out-pouching caused by increased intraluminal pressure
Location: proximal and distal esophagus
Secondary to motility disturbances such as achalasia
What are traction diverticula? Where are they located? How do they present?
Extrinsic inflammation retracts or pulls bowel wall outwards
Location: mid-esophagus
Not as common as pulsion diverticula
Is the appearance of eosinophils in the esophagus normal?
NO
Name all the etiologies that can cause esophagitis
Mechanical (Achalasia) Trauma Reflux (GERD) Corrosive Injury Pills/Drugs Infections (Viral, Fungal) Allergies Radiation Injury Graft-Versus Host Disease Systemic Disorders
What is Boerhaave Syndrome?
Rupture of esophagus post vomiting (due to sudden increase in intraluminal esophageal pressure)
What are Mallory-Weiss Tears?
Mucosal lacerations (tears) in distal esophagus and proximal stomach (due to retching, vomiting, straining, coughing, etc. most commonly after heavy alcohol use)
Describe development of esophagus and trachea in early life.
Esophagus and trachea lie within a single tube –> laryngotracheal diverticulum develops –> formation of primitive septum –> trachea and esophagus separate, formation of lung buds
How does scleroderma cause esophageal problems?
generalized GI dysmotility due to complete loss/atrophy of inner muscularis propria layer (outer layer is still preserved).
inner muscle layer is replaced by fibrotic collagenous tissue AND the LES is defective
What are the three types of benign esophageal tumors?
Epithelial
Granular Cell
Leiomyoma (tumor of smooth muscle)
