Renal XI: Embryology and Bladder

Question 1

Metanephric blastema –> metanephric ______ –> metanephric ______ –> metanephric ______

Answer 1

Spheroid; vesicle; tubule

Question 2

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in men.

Answer 2

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Question 3

Most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in YOUNGER men.

Answer 3

Urethral stricture

Question 4

Overflow incontinence results from ___-reactive bladder or ____-reactive outflow tract.

Answer 4

Under; Over

Question 5

Stress incontinence results from ___-reactive outflow tract.

Answer 5

Under

Question 6

Urge incontinence results from ___-reactive bladder.

Answer 6

Over

Question 7

What structure? Buds from a portion of the mesonephric duct near its joining with the cloaca, enveloped by ________.

Answer 7

Ureteric bud; metanephric blastema

Question 8

What structure? Developing epithelia from the ureteric bud generates tubules that run parallel to each other from the medulla into the cortical regions of the kidney

Answer 8

Malpighian pyramids

Question 9

What structure? Develops into the oviducts and uterus in females

Answer 9

paramesonephric duct

Question 10

What structure? Metanephric blastema is induced to differentiated, forming the _______ (cluster of metanephric mesodermal cells)

Answer 10

metanephric spheroid

Question 11

What structure? Nephrotomes vesiculate and join to form a duc

Answer 11

Pronephric duct

Question 12

What structure? originates as endoderm from the cloaca and separates from the hindgut at ~6-7 weeks

Answer 12

Urogenital sinus

Question 13

What structure? structure within the urogenital ridge from which nephrotomes develop within each somite

Answer 13

Nephrogenic cord

Question 14

What structure? The ________ develops from invagination of the coelom wall and runs along the Wolffian body (urogenital ridge) to join with the cloaca

Answer 14

paramesonephric duct

Question 15

What structure? The pronephric duct is added to by caudal nephrotomes to become the ______.

Answer 15

Mesonephric duct

Question 16

What structure? The remnant of the mesonephric duct is the ________, which becomes the _________ in the male reproductive system

Answer 16

Wolffian duct; epididymis, ductus deferens

Question 17

What structure? tissue that runs laterally and ventrally to the dorsal aorta along the embryonic coelom

Answer 17

Urogenital ridge

Question 18

Which mature structures originate from the urogenital sinus?

Answer 18

Bladder and urethra

Question 19

Which nerve type? Causes the detrusor muscle to contract

Answer 19

Parasympathetic

Question 20

Which nerve type? Controls action of the external sphincter

Answer 20

Somatic

Question 21

Which nerve type? Increases tension in smooth muscle of bladder neck and proximal urethra to prevent micturition

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

Which nerve type? Inhibits detrusor contraction

Answer 22

Sympathetic

Question 23

Which nerve type? Senses bladder fullness via pelvic floor muscles

Answer 23

Somatic

Question 24

Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 24

Sacral splanchnics (S2-S4)

Question 25

Which nerves provide somatic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 25

Pudendal (S2-S4)

Question 26

Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation to the bladder?

Answer 26

Hypogastric (T10-L2)

Question 27

Which part of the brain? Facilitates micturition

Answer 27

Cerebellum and Brainstem

Question 28

Which part of the brain? Inhibits micturition

Answer 28

Cortex

Question 29

Which structures in the mature renal system originate from the metanephric blastema?

Answer 29

Glomeruli, proximal tubules, loops of Henle, distal tubules

Question 30

Which structures in the mature renal system originate from the ureteric bud?

Answer 30

Ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, collecting tubules and ducts