Ch 47: Mammalian Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain + spinal cord
Receives somatic and visceral information
Sends efferent commands

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2
Q

Afferent PNS

A

Sensations to the brain - hearing, seeing, tasting, temperature, etc.

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3
Q

Efferent PNS

A

Commands from the brain
Somatic to skeletal muscles
Autonomic to cardiac and smooth muscles

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4
Q

Visceral stimuli

A

Sensation from organs

Ex. stomach, lung, and heart activities

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5
Q

Sympathetic (PNS)

A

Major activity in the body

“Fight or flight”

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6
Q

Parasympathetic (PNS)

A

Relaxation

“Rest and digest”

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7
Q

Neurons

A

Excitable cells

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8
Q

Glial cells

A

Support cells in the brain

Outnumber neurons by 10x

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9
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Cells that release fluid inside and around the brain

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10
Q

Astrocytes

A

Cells that maintain the chemical environment of the brain
Form a barrier
Regulate the synapse
Important for getting glucose into the brain

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11
Q

Microglial cells

A

Brain cells that help in immunity and protection

Clear anything that is unwanted

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12
Q

CSF

A

Fluid between the brain and skull
Bathes and nourished the brain
Acts as a shock absorber

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13
Q

The brain

A

Nervous tissue within the skull
Number of synapse formations matter more than size
Neuron connections are constantly changing
356 areas
Contralateral

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14
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for precise movement
Planning and execution area
Involves inhibition and excitation

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15
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Responsible for sensation

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16
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Responsible for auditory information

17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Responsible for vision

18
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Frontal lobe
Sends out commands
Muscles send feedback back to this area

19
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe
Responsible for planning
Motor homunculus

20
Q

Prefrontal association cortex

A

Frontal lobe
Responsible for very complex movement and thinking
Complex tasks and cognitive functions

21
Q

Brocca’s area

A

Frontal lobe
Responsible for speech initiation
Act of talking and speech formation

22
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe
Receives info
Conscious awareness of general somatic senses
Precisely localizes the stimulus received
Spatial discrimination
Sensory homunculus

23
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Parietal lobe
Responsible for listening and understanding language
Speech comprehension
Overlaps in temporal lobe

24
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Temporal lobe

Where we interpret hearing information

25
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Occipital lobe

Where we interpret visual information

26
Q

Thalamus

A

“Relay station” for all synaptic input
Where raw sensory info comes into before being routed
Motor control

27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis (temp control, thirst, urine output, food, etc.)
Endocrine system role
Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
Formation of memory

28
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Mini brain”
Maintenance of balance
Coordination and planning of skilled voluntary muscle activities
Ispilateral

29
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cortex

Lots of motor neurons

30
Q

Seizure

A

Uncontrolled firing of action potentials in the brain

31
Q

Contralateral Neglect Syndrome

A

Damage to front parietal lobe

Patient consciously chooses to ignore the left side of the body as if it doesn’t exist

32
Q

Split Brain

A

Severing of the corpus callosum

Done to stop seizures from spreading to other side of the brain

33
Q

Stroke

A

Cerebral vascular accident

Inefficient amount of oxygen to the brain due to too much fat or high blood vessels