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Question 1

factors that affect passive diffusion (esp of drugs)

Answer 1

molecular size ionization lipophilicity of non-ionized species size and structure of absorbing stuface blood flow CONCENTRATION

Question 2

What are the two types of doses?

Answer 2

loading dose, maintenance dose

Question 3

maintenance dose

Answer 3

if excretion changes needs to be altered, but not change occurs in the loading dose

Question 4

volume of distribution

Answer 4

constant that relates dose and concentration Concentration = dose/volume of distribution therefore - dose = C * Vd

Question 5

rate of excretion

Answer 5

clearance * concentration clearance (mL/min) is constant for most substances, if it changes for some reason then the maintenance must be altered

Question 6

clearance

Answer 6

volume of drug that is permanently removed /min, proportional to the original concentration

Question 7

first-order rate process

Answer 7

first order because the process of passive diffusion is first-order, depends totally on concentration differences across membranes first-order = double concentration/ double rate, something to the power of one.

Question 8

half-lives

Answer 8

most of drug is excreted in 3-5 half-lives how long it takes to get into the body and out

Question 9

steady state

Answer 9

rate in = rate out - want to get up to a fairly constant rate of a drug - takes 3-4 1/2 lives to get up to steady stage (imp to remember)

Question 10

accumulation

Answer 10

• depends on rate of administration and clearnace - T1/2 - times it takes to

Question 11

rapid drug effect

Answer 11

empty stomach