Biology

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Biology is the study of life.

Question 2

Four Criteria for Life

Answer 2

All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from their surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them.

All life forms can sense and respond to changes in their surroundings.

All life forms reproduce.

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

The atom is the smallest chemical unit of matter.

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

A molecule is two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties.

Question 5

What are nucleotides?

Answer 5

Nucleotides are the little units attached to each strand in the DNA molecule.

Question 6

What is the DNA sequence?

Answer 6

Adenine only links to thymine and thymine only links to adenine.

Cytosine only links to guanine and guanine only links to cytosine.

Question 7

What is glucose?

Answer 7

Glucose is the chemical that plants make for food. It is considered an energy source.

Question 8

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food.

Question 9

What is metabolism?

Answer 9

Metabolism is the sum total of all processes in an organism that convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions.

Question 10

What are receptors?

Answer 10

Receptors are special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.

Question 11

What are precocial offspring?

Answer 11

Precocial offspring are offspring that are born able to see, hear, move about, regulate body temperature, and eliminate waste without a parent’s help.

Question 12

What are altricial offspring?

Answer 12

Altricial offspring are offspring born without at least one of the following abilities: see, hear, move about, regulate body temperature, or eliminate waste.

Question 13

What is the cell?

Answer 13

The cell is the smallest unit of life in creation.

Question 14

What is an organelle?

Answer 14

An organelle is a structure inside a cell.

Question 15

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

Question 16

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 16

The cell membrane is an outer covering of a cell.

Question 17

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 17

Prokaryotic cells do not have distinct, membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells do have distinct, membrane-bound organelles.

Question 18

What kind of cells are members of Kingdom Monera composed of?

Answer 18

Prokaryotic cells.

Question 19

What is a pathogen?

Answer 19

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease.

Question 20

What is starch?

Answer 20

Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is stored and used as food and energy for plants and animals.

Question 21

What kind of cells are members of Kingdom Protista composed of?

Answer 21

Eukaryotic cells.

Question 22

What are decomposers?

Answer 22

Decomposers are organisms that break down other organisms after they have died.

Question 23

Name the two main differences between plant cells and animal cells.

Answer 23

1. Plant cells are usually more square than animal cells.

2. Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not.

Question 24

What is phototropism?

Answer 24

Phototropism is the ability of plants to sense the light and grow towards it.

Question 25

What is gravotrophism?

Answer 25

Gravotrophism is the ability of plants to sense which way is up and grow that way.

Question 26

What is vegetative reproduction?

Answer 26

Vegetative reproduction is the process by which one part of a plant can form new roots and develop into a complete plant.

Question 27

What is turgor pressure?

Answer 27

Turgor pressure is the pressure inside a plant cell that allows the plant to stand upright.

Question 28

What is included in Kingdom Animalia?

Answer 28

Kingdom Animalia includes insects, birds, and animals as we know them.

Question 29

What is an endoskeleton?

Answer 29

An endoskeleton is a skeleton on the inside of the body.

Question 30

What is an exoskeleton?

Answer 30

An exoskeleton is a body covering, typically made of chitin, that acts as a skeleton.

Question 31

What are vertebrates?

Answer 31

Vertebrates are all creatures with a vertebral column backbone.

Question 32

What are invertebrates?

Answer 32

Invertebrates are all members of Kingdom Animalia that do not have a backbone.

Question 33

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 33

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 34

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 34

The appendicular skeleton is the part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and the bones they attach to.

Question 35

What are arthropods?

Answer 35

Arthropods are animals with exoskeletons.

Question 36

What is symbiosis?

Answer 36

Symbiosis is a close relationship between two or more species in which at least one benefits.

Question 37

What are producers?

Answer 37

Producers are organisms that produce their own food.

Question 38

What are consumers?

Answer 38

Consumers are organisms that do not produce their own food.

Question 39

What is a herbivore?

Answer 39

A herbivore is a consumer that eats only producers.

Question 40

What is a carnivore?

Answer 40

A carnivore is a consumer that eats only other consumers.

Question 41

What is an omnivore?

Answer 41

An omnivore is a consumer that eats both producers and consumers.

Question 42

What does endothermic mean?

Answer 42

Warm-blooded

Question 43

What does ectothermic mean?

Answer 43

Cold-blooded

Question 44

What are xylem?

Answer 44

Xylem are tubes in a plant that transport water from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 45

What are phloem?

Answer 45

Phloem are tubes in a plant that carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.