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Biology 107 > Test 2 - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Test 2 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

DNA is composed of four kinds of _________

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

-

A
  • Deoxyribose

- Thymine

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3
Q

-DNA-

Adenine & Guanine are _________ ringed molecules

A

double

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4
Q

-DNA-

Four _________ bases that make up a DNA molecule differ in the amount of each base from _________

A
  • nucleotide

- species to species

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5
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Adenine (A) equals the amount of _________

A

Thymine (T)

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6
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Thymine (T) equals the amount of _________

A

Adenine (A)

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7
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Guanine (G) equals the amount of _________

A

Cytosine (C)

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8
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Cytosine (C) equals the amount of _________

A

Guanine (G)

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9
Q

-DNA-

Single-ringed Thymine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________

A

Adenine

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10
Q

-DNA-

Single-ringed Cytosine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________

A

Guanine

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11
Q

-DNA-

The backbone of the molecule is made of chains of sugar-_________ linkages

A

phosphate

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12
Q

-DNA-

The molecule is double stranded and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a _________

A

double helix

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13
Q

-DNA-

The molecule is _________ and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a double helix

A

double stranded

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14
Q

-DNA-

The base pairing is constant for all species but the sequence of base pairs in a nucleotide strand is different from one _________ to another.

A

species

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15
Q

DNA Replication (DNA is replicated only for the cell to _________ )

A

divide

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16
Q

-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-

The two strands of the DNA _________ and the _________ bonds that hold the two cells together are broken

A
  • unwind

- hydrogen

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17
Q

-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-

Next unattached _________ will pair with the exposed bases

A

nucleotides

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18
Q
  • DNA Replication-
  • -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand

(A) bonds to (__)

A

T

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19
Q
  • DNA Replication-
  • -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand

(C) bonds to (__)

A

G

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20
Q

Semiconservative Replication - Describes how the old is conserved into the new _________

A

generation

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21
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - used to unwind the DNA

A

Helicase

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22
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - puts the correct nucleotide in place

A

Polymerase

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23
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - Reads the DNA to make sure there are no errors

A

Ligase

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24
Q

-DNA and Genes-

DNA, _________ , and genes are all referring to the same things

A

chromosomes

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25
Q

-DNA and Genes-

_________ is a linear stretch of DNA that codes for the assembly of amino acids into proteins

A

Gene

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26
Q

-DNA and Genes-

_________ are a sequence of amino acids that are used as structural components in cells or as molecules to help chemical reactions

A

Proteins

27
Q

-From genes to Protein Production-

_________ - reading DNA to produce RNA

A

Transcription

28
Q

-From genes to Protein Production-

Transcription happens in the _________

A

nucleus

29
Q

-From genes to Protein Production-

_________ - using RNA to produce a protein

A

Translation

30
Q

-From genes to Protein Production-

Translation happens in the _________

A

ribosome

31
Q

-Types of RNA-

_________ RNA (mRNA)

A

Messenger

32
Q

-Types of RNA-

_________
-Carries the blueprint for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

33
Q 
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
-Carries the blueprint for making \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  from the nucleus to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • proteins

- ribosomes

34
Q

_________

-Combines with proteins already made to form ribosome

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

35
Q 
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
-Combines with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  already made to form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • proteins

- ribosome

36
Q

_________

-Carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a protein

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

37
Q 
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
-Carries the correct amino acid to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • ribosome

- protein

38
Q

DNA is _________ stranded,

RNA is _________ stranded

A
  • double

- single

39
Q

There are different _________ between DNA & RNA

A

sugars

40
Q

DNA has _________ as a base, RNA has Uracil as a base

A

Thymine

41
Q

DNA has Thymine as a base, RNA has _________ as a base

A

Uracil

42
Q

-mRNA to a Protein-

Newly formed _________ is an unfinished molecule and it is not ready for use

A

mRNA

43
Q

-mRNA to a Protein-

The mRNA is modified before it leaves the _________

A

nucleus

44
Q

-mRNA to a Protein-

_________ - Non-coding portions, these are cut out before the mRNA leaves the nucleus (Enzymes are required to remove Introns)

A

Introns

45
Q

-mRNA to a Protein-

_________ - The actual coding portion of the mRNA are spliced together to produce a complete mRNA ready for translation

A

Exons

46
Q

Every three bases (triplet) on the mRNA specifies for an _________

A

amino acid

47
Q

The complete set of triplets is called the _________

A

genetic code

48
Q

Each base triplet is called a _________

A

Codon

49
Q

_________ (Methionine) is the start codon

A

AUG

50
Q

[______ = an Amino acid]

A

AUG

51
Q

The Anticodon is found on the _________

A

tRNA

52
Q

Each _________ carries one specific Amino Acid

A

tRNA

53
Q

Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of _________, the anticodon of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA

A

translation

54
Q

Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of translation, the _________ of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA

A

anticodon

55
Q

There are ___ different amino acids

A

20

56
Q

Long sequences of amino acids are _________

A

protein

57
Q

When the _________ is read, no amino acids are put into place until the _________ (start) codon is read

A
  • mRNA

- AUG

58
Q

Once the AUG is read, the amino acid _________ is put into place

A

methionine

59
Q

Any codons that come before the AUG codon are _________ and do not call for any amino acids

A

meaningless

60
Q

_________ takes place after AUG

A

Elongation

61
Q

For every codon after the AUG, the correct amino acid is brought by a _________ and put into place

A

tRNA

62
Q

As new amino acids are brought into position, they become _________ to the previous amino acid that was already in place

A

bonded

63
Q

When one of the _________ stop codons is reached the process will _________

A
  • three

- discontinue

64
Q

Once a stop codon is reached there can be another AUG (start), which will be the _________ of another amino acid sequence

A

beginning

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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