Integumentary and Immunological Systems

Question 1

What does the integument consist of?

Answer 1

Skin, hair, nails, mucous secretions

Question 2

What is the pH of the skin?

Answer 2

Acidic from sebaceous gland oil secretions

Question 3

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 3

Dermis and epidermis connected together by basement membrane

Question 4

What is the dermis?

Answer 4

Blood supply to skin and specialized cells

Question 5

What is the epidermis?

Answer 5

Kerationcytes which differentiate into corneocytes (protective, waterproof, routinely replaced)

Question 6

What is difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 6

• Humoral: antibodies

- Cell mediated: combat fungal and viral infections

Question 7

What occurs during inflammatory?

Answer 7

• Activated WBC release histamines
• Blood vessels dilate and increase permeability
• Increase flow of WBC to infection

Question 8

Describe components of lymphatic system.

Answer 8

• Lymph flows through lymphatic vessels from lymph node to lymph node
• In extravascular space of most tissues

Question 9

Lymph nodes and spleen…

Answer 9

…are reservoirs of WBC and filters for lymph (remove antigen-presenting cells and foreign matter)

Question 10

Granulocytes

Answer 10

• Phagocytize antigens and antigenic material

- Neutrophils, Eusinophils, Basophils

Question 11

Neutrophils

Answer 11

• Most common
• First responders, attract WBC
• Elevated in inflammation

Question 12

Eusinophils

Answer 12

• Less common
• Asthmatic and allergic responses
• Fight intercellular parasites

Question 13

Basophils

Answer 13

• Related to mast cells and allergic response
• Release histamine
• Fight ectoparasites

Question 14

Monocytes

Answer 14

• Can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells

- Long-lived immune cells

Question 15

Macrophages

Answer 15

• Phagocytize dead cells and pathogens

- Present fragments of antigens

Question 16

Dendritic cells

Answer 16

• More focused on antigen presenting vs macrophages
• In areas in contact with external environment
• Important link to adaptive IS

Question 17

T lymphocytes

Answer 17

• Random rearrangement of gene sequences
• Vast majority undergo cell apoptosis (react too well or not at all)
• Develop in bone marrow –(travel in blood–> mature in thymus

Question 18

MHC

Answer 18

-Presents antigen on surface of antigen presenting cell

Question 19

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 19

• CD8+ cells recognize/attack MHCI complexes

- Viruses/developing tumors

Question 20

Helper T cells

Answer 20

• CD4+ recognize/respond to MHCII complexes

- Release cytokines to stimulate IS response

Question 21

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 21

• Behave similarly to both Tc and Th cells but respond to antigens presented by other types of cells
• Destroy cells marked for destruction

Question 22

Memory T cells

Answer 22

-Quicker, more targeted response if antigen reappears

Question 23

Regulatory or suppressor T cells

Answer 23

-Tone down T cell response to self cells or following an infection

Question 24

B lymphocytes

Answer 24

-Express immunoglobulins with high affinity for antigen expressed by the stimulating T lymphocyte

Question 25

Antibodies

Answer 25

• Light chain and heavy chain with S-S bonds

- N (antigen binding sites) C (constant) V (variable)

Question 26

Active immunity

Answer 26

• Occurs as result of immune response
• Exposure to pathogen/antigen/vaccine
• Develop cells specific to particular antigen –> wks/mnths to build up

Question 27

Passive immunity

Answer 27

• Transfer antibodies from one individual to another
• Pregnancy/injections of gamma globulin
• Immunity lost when antibodies no longer circulate

Question 28

Transplant rejection

Answer 28

-Rejection of organ due to antigens on donated organ

Question 29

Plasma cells

Answer 29

-Specialized B cells that produce antibodies

Question 30

MHCI proteins

Answer 30

-Found on all cells

Question 31

MHCII proteins

Answer 31

-Found on macrophages, B cells, T cells