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Physiology > Special Topics, Topnotch > Flashcards

Special Topics, Topnotch Flashcards

1
Q

Part of brain that regulates temp

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Location of sensors for temp regulation

A

Skin and hypothalamus

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3
Q

Radiator system of the body

A

Skin

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4
Q

Mechanisms of heat loss, greatest to least

A

Radiation > evaporation > conduction to air > conduction to objects

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5
Q

Interleukins that mediate fever

A

IL-1 and IL-6

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6
Q

Excessive sweating causing fainting

A

Heat exhaustion

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7
Q

High temp causes tissue damage and impaired responses

A

Heat stroke

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8
Q

Substances that cause malignant hyperthermia

A

Succinylcholine and halothane

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9
Q

Antidote for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

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10
Q

M vs F: Strength per sq.cm of x-sec area

A

Equal

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11
Q

Energy system active during the first 8-10 sec of exercise

A

Phosphagen energy system

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12
Q

Energy system active 1.3-1.6 mins after phosphagen system is used up

A

Glycogen-lactic acid system

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13
Q

Energy system that is limited by availability of energy

A

Aerobic system

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14
Q

Supplies 50% of energy of aerobic system after 3-4 hours

A

Fats

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15
Q

How long does it take to recover muscle glycogen

A

2 days

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16
Q

Increase in muscle strength is ALWAYS due to

A

Increase in muscle size

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17
Q

Maximal breathing capacity

A

150-170L/min

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18
Q

Pulmonary ventilation during maximal exercise

A

100-110L/min

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19
Q

Resting CO in normal adult

A

5L/min

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20
Q

CO in exercising athlete

A

30L/min

21
Q

CO in exercising non-athlete

A

20L/min

22
Q

CO at maximal exercise

A

90% of maximun

23
Q

___% of nutrient energy is converted to muscles work

A

25

24
Q

Temp that causes heat stroke

A

> 42C

25
Q

Sweat glands acclimatize to hot and humid weather because of

A

Aldosterone

26
Q

Hormone that causes muscle strength and aggressiveness but can also cause MI and stroke

A

Testosterone

27
Q

Most important effect of high altitude

A

Decreased mental proficiency

28
Q

Altitude at which seizures may occur

A

18,000ft

29
Q

Altitude at which coma and death may occur

A

23,000ft

30
Q

Mechanisms for acclimatization to low PO2 (5)

A

1) Inc pulmonary ventilation by 1.65x in a few minutes to 5x in a few days
2) Polycythemia
3) Increase diffusing capacity of O2 and inc 2,3 bpg
4) Angiogenesis
5) Inc ability of cells to use O2 despite low PO2 via inc in mitochondria and oxidative enzymes

31
Q

Mechanisms of acute mountain sickness

A

1) Acute pulmonary edema

2) Acute cerebral edema

32
Q

Mechanisms of chronic mountain sickness

A

1) Pulmonary vasoconstriction

2) Right sided heart failure

33
Q

Unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity to which the body is subjected when it is accelerated

A

G force

34
Q

Positive G vs Negative G: More dangerous due to shunting of blood to LE hence away from brain

A

Positive G

35
Q

G that may cause LOC and death

A

+6 to +10

36
Q

G that may cause vertebral fracture

A

20

37
Q

G that may result in red-out of the eyes and transient psychotic disturbances

A

Negative G

38
Q

Negative G that may result in death

A

-20

39
Q

Constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches and prevents further acceleration

A

Terminal velocity

40
Q

Speed of terminal velocity

A

175 ft/sec

41
Q

A parachute reduces speed of skydiver to

A

1/9th terminal velocity

42
Q

O2 in a sealed aircraft

A

20% at 760 mmHg

43
Q

Decreased as a chronic effect of being in space (5)

A

1) Blood volume
2) RBC
3) Muscle strength
4) Max CO
5) Ca and PO4 in bones

44
Q

Depth at which Nitrogen pressure causes joviality

A

120ft

45
Q

Depth at which Nitrogen pressure causes drowsiness

A

200-250ft

46
Q

Depth at which there is raptures of the depths

A

Beyond 250ft

47
Q

Manifestations of decompression sickness (3)

A

1) Bends
2) Chokes
3) Caisson’s disease

48
Q

Gas used beyond 250ft to prevent decompression sickness

A

Helium

Physiology (15 decks)

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