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X-Ray Physics > FQ1 > Flashcards

FQ1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The purpose of a rectifier is to:

A

convert AC to DC current

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2
Q

Which of these rectifiers is consistent with the ALARA concept?

A

high frequency

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3
Q

what is ionization?

A

the total removal of an ELECTRON from its atomic shell level

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4
Q

The radiographic density is excellent using 30 mAs at 73 kVp at 40’’ SID. What change in exposure factors is necessary when changing to 80’’ SID?

A

120 mAs, 73 kVp

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5
Q

The quality factor of x-ray is _______.

A

1

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6
Q

REM=RAD x ______.

A

QF

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7
Q

5 REM = __________ mrem.

A

5,000

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8
Q

Which x-ray interaction with matter is the most likely to occur in high atomic number matter?

A

photoelectric absorption

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9
Q

Which x-ray interaction with matter has a probability of occurrence if the x-ray is in the 10-60 keV range?

A

photoelectric absorption

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10
Q

Which x-ray interaction with matter has a probability of occurring when the x-ray energy is in the 60-125 keV range?

A

compton scatter

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11
Q

The original x-ray no longer exists when this x-ray interaction with matter occurs.

A

photoelectric absorption

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12
Q

“Fog” on the image is the result of this x-ray interaction with matter.

A

compton scatter

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13
Q

The exposure factors are correct when performing a 14’’ x 17” AP lumbar spine exam using 80 mAs at 73 kVp. If the x-ray beam is collimated to a 6” x 17” area the exposure factors should be:

A

120 mAs, 73 kVp

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14
Q

The optimum kVp range for images of the spine is in this range.

A

70-90 keV

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15
Q

The optimum kVp range for non Bucky images of the extremities is in this range

A

50-60 keV

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16
Q

The purpose of a “Bucky” grid is to:

A

reduce “fog” from compton scatter

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17
Q

Which of these grids would require the most exposure to the patient?

A

16:1

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18
Q

The x-ray beam may be angled in this direction when using a linear grid.

A

in the direction of the strips

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19
Q

Which of these grids requires that the SID be within a very specific range?

A

focused

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20
Q

Intensifying screens are used with film to:

A

reduce radiation exposure

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21
Q

Which of these imaging systems would you choose to image extremities?

A

100 speed

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22
Q

Which of these imaging systems will result in the most quantum mottle in the image?

A

1200 speed

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23
Q

A GBX safelight filter is:

A

red

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24
Q

An AP lumbar spine film is exposed properly using 30 mAs, 73 kVp with a 200 speed film screen combination. What exposure factors should be used if the film screen system is changed to a 600 speed system?

A

10 mAs, 73 kVp

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25
Q

Silver is recovered from this processing chemistry.

A

fixer

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26
Q

****** processing system should be *****, cleaned, replenished and servived every _____ weeks.

A

4

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27
Q

On the radiograph, radiographic density appears ________.

A

black

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28
Q

On a radiograph, high atomic number, dense anatomy appears

A

white

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29
Q

The total number of x-rays in the beam is controlled by selecting the _________.

A

mAs

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30
Q

Which of these sets of exposure factors will produce an image with the shortest scale of contrast?

A

62 kVp, 60 mAs

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31
Q

The intensity of radiation standing 3 feet from the tube housing is 100 mR/hr. What is the intensity of radiation if you step back to 6 feet?

A

25 mR/hr

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32
Q

The technique chart requires 30 mAs, 73 kVp for a 20 cm AP thoracic spine exam. What should the exposure factors be if there is a 6” space between the patient’s thoracic spine and the image receptor?

A

45 mAs, 73 kVp

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33
Q

The technique chart says that a 14 x 17” AP thoracic spine image will require 30 mAs, 73 kVp. If a decision is made to collimate down to a 4 x 4” spot view of T-6 what will the exposure factors need to be?

A

45 mAs, 73 kVp

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34
Q

As mA increases, the cathode filament:

A

gets hotter

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35
Q

Which of these will produce the most skin dose?

A

short SID

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36
Q

An image is so underexposed that it needs to be retaken when the exposure factors were 30 mAs, 73 kVp. The new exposure factors should be:

A

60 mAs, 73 kVp

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37
Q

Linearity is the ability to:

A

manipulate the mA x seconds for the same mAs and get the same result

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38
Q

According to Dr. Bushong, therapeutic absorption should not be considered with exposures below ____ RAD to the abdominal area of a pregnant woman.

A

10

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39
Q

The ten day rule suggests that x-rays of a female with reproductive ability should only be performed:

A

in the 10 days following the onset of menstruation

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40
Q

To be provided with dosimetry, education and possible reassignment of duty, a pregnant employee must:

A

declare the pregnancy in writing to the employer

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41
Q

Which of these can receive the most mR/week?

A

controlled area

42
Q

A 16 year old is working for you for the summer. What is his/her annual MPD?

A

0.1 rem

43
Q

If velocity is constant, when frequency increases, wavelength ________.

A

decreases

44
Q

The filament/focal spot size is selected on the console by selecting the ______.

A

mA

45
Q

Which of these would be best to use for 10 mAs if you are concerened that the patient may move during the exposure?

A

300 mA, 1/30 second

46
Q

The mAs can be rounded up or down within _____% without a change in radiographic density.

A

30%

47
Q

The controlling factor of radiographic density is the:

A

mAs

48
Q

The controlling factor of radiographic contrast is:

A

kVp

49
Q

Which of these has the most detrimental effect on the recorded detail in the image?

A

motion

50
Q

Why is there lead in the back of a cassette?

A

to absorb backscatter radiation

51
Q

The film is underexposed. This means that it is too _____.

A

light

52
Q

The image is so underexposed that it must be taken over again. What must be down to the exposure factors?

A

at least double the mAs

53
Q

The geometric sharpness of detail is the same when using 25 mA, 75 mA or 150 mA on the small filament.

T/F?

A

true

54
Q

A patient who is very muscular will require an increase in kVp.

T/F?

A

true

55
Q

SID is also known as:

  1. FFD
  2. TFD
  3. OID
  4. OFD
A

1 & 2

[FFD & TFD]

56
Q

Which of these standard chiropractic images can make use of the air gap technique to reduce patient exposure?

A

lateral cervical spine

57
Q

Use of a long ______ will decrease magnification distortion.

A

SID

58
Q

Use of a long _____ will increase magnification distortion.

A

OID

59
Q

kVp controls the __________ in the beam.

A

energy

60
Q

Differential absorption of x-rays results **** image property.

A

contrast

61
Q

Which of these would contribute the most toward achieving ALARA?

A

change from a 200 speed film-screen to a 600 speed

62
Q

What should be used to clean an intensifying screen?

A

bandage gauze

63
Q

When closing down a processor, it is important to be certain:

A

that the water is turned off and the drain is open

64
Q

When anatomy is of various thickness, the use of _______ to achieve a uniform image density it is consistent with the concept of ALARA.

A

compensating filters

65
Q

Radiographic film emulsion is made of:

A

silver halide suspended in gelatin

66
Q

The radiographic film base is made of:

A

mylar

67
Q

An average 10:1 ratio grid requires this change in exposure factors.

A

increase mAs x 4

68
Q

The grid ratio is the:

A

the height of the lead strips to the width of the interspace strips

69
Q

When developing a fixed kVp technique chart, for every 4 cm increase in tissue thickness the mAs should be:

A

increase 100%

70
Q

If a film totally exposed to white light or x-ray and then processed it will appear black.

T/F?

A

true

71
Q

(#73 unreadable) …………..and then ……….. will appear black

T/F?

A

false

72
Q

This method of x-ray production occurs when electrons shift energy levels within an atom.

A

characteristic

73
Q

This method of x-ray production occurs when a high speed electron is accelerated and then decelerated when attracted to the nuclear force field.

A

bremsstrahlung

74
Q

For useful characteristic x-rays to be formed in a tungsten atom the kVp must be:

A

≥ 70 kVp

75
Q

A stochastic effect from radiation exposure needs no threshold of dose to occur.

T/F?

A

true

76
Q

The annual whole body MPD for occupationally exposed people is:

A

5 REM

77
Q

The MPD for a pregnant employee is:

A

0.5 REM per gestation period

78
Q

A pregnant radiation worker should wear two dosimeters. One should be on the collar outside the lead apron and one should be at the waist under the lead apron.

T/F?

A

true

79
Q

Film badge dosimeters should be sent in for monitoring every _________.

A

month

80
Q

The three “cardinal principles” of radiation protection are:

A

time, distance, shielding

81
Q

The purpose of the control badge dosimeter is to monitor background and transportation exposure to radiation and it should be kept next to the machines console.

T/F?

A

false

82
Q

Human cells are capable of recovery from radiation effects.

T/F?

A

true

83
Q

Highly proliferative, poorly differentiated cells are very resistant to radiation effects.

T/F?

A

false

84
Q

***** radiation sensitive cell is the _______.

A

lymphocyte

85
Q

Short term radiation effects are exhibited in patients who have been exposed to diagnostic x-ray.

T/F?

A

false

86
Q

Long term radiation effects may be exhibited in people exposed to diagnostic x-ray.

T/F?

A

true

87
Q

Biologic effects from x-ray exposure are the result of _________.

A

ionization

88
Q

The ______ trimester is the most risky to the fetus from exposure to ionizing radiation.

A

first

89
Q

An abortion should be recommended to a pregnant woman who has had any diagnostic x-ray exposure to the abdominal area.

T/F?

A

false

90
Q

The anode side of the image will display the least radiographic density.

T/F?

A

true

91
Q

The anode side of the tube should be __________ when performing an AP thoracic spine.

A

up

92
Q

The purpose of using the anode heel effect properly is to:

A

produce a uniform radiographic density

93
Q

According to the LNT dose response model, the level exposure below which there is no possible biologic damage to a human is ________.

A

0 rad

94
Q

You are 26 years old. Your cumulative MPD is _____.

A

26 REM

95
Q

The required total filtration of the x-ray beam is ______ aluminum equivalent.

A

2.5 mm

96
Q

The dose response curve labeled “A” defines the LNT model.

T/F?

A

true

97
Q

Which of these dose response curves indicates that a threshold of exposure to radiation would be required before a response would be expected?

A

B

98
Q

Using the diagram of the x-ray tube: the letter A is pointing to the:

A

filament

99
Q

Using the diagram of the tube: the letter C is pointing to the:

A

rotor

100
Q

Using the diagram of the x-ray tube: the letter E is pointing to the

A

the focal spot

X-Ray Physics (3 decks)

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