FQ1 Flashcards by Sonny D

The purpose of a rectifier is to:

convert AC to DC current

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Which of these rectifiers is consistent with the ALARA concept?

high frequency

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what is ionization?

the total removal of an ELECTRON from its atomic shell level

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The radiographic density is excellent using 30 mAs at 73 kVp at 40’’ SID. What change in exposure factors is necessary when changing to 80’’ SID?

120 mAs, 73 kVp

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The quality factor of x-ray is _______.

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REM=RAD x ______.

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5 REM = __________ mrem.

5,000

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Which x-ray interaction with matter is the most likely to occur in high atomic number matter?

photoelectric absorption

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Which x-ray interaction with matter has a probability of occurrence if the x-ray is in the 10-60 keV range?

photoelectric absorption

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Which x-ray interaction with matter has a probability of occurring when the x-ray energy is in the 60-125 keV range?

compton scatter

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The original x-ray no longer exists when this x-ray interaction with matter occurs.

photoelectric absorption

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“Fog” on the image is the result of this x-ray interaction with matter.

compton scatter

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The exposure factors are correct when performing a 14’’ x 17” AP lumbar spine exam using 80 mAs at 73 kVp. If the x-ray beam is collimated to a 6” x 17” area the exposure factors should be:

120 mAs, 73 kVp

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The optimum kVp range for images of the spine is in this range.

70-90 keV

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The optimum kVp range for non Bucky images of the extremities is in this range

50-60 keV

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The purpose of a “Bucky” grid is to:

reduce “fog” from compton scatter

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Which of these grids would require the most exposure to the patient?

16:1

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The x-ray beam may be angled in this direction when using a linear grid.

in the direction of the strips

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Which of these grids requires that the SID be within a very specific range?

focused

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Intensifying screens are used with film to:

reduce radiation exposure

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Which of these imaging systems would you choose to image extremities?

100 speed

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Which of these imaging systems will result in the most quantum mottle in the image?

1200 speed

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A GBX safelight filter is:

red

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An AP lumbar spine film is exposed properly using 30 mAs, 73 kVp with a 200 speed film screen combination. What exposure factors should be used if the film screen system is changed to a 600 speed system?

10 mAs, 73 kVp

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Silver is recovered from this processing chemistry.

fixer

\*\*\*\*\*\* processing system should be \*\*\*\*\*, cleaned, replenished and servived every _____ weeks.

On the radiograph, radiographic density appears \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

black

On a radiograph, high atomic number, dense anatomy appears

white

The total number of x-rays in the beam is controlled by selecting the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

mAs

Which of these sets of exposure factors will produce an image with the shortest scale of contrast?

62 kVp, 60 mAs

The intensity of radiation standing 3 feet from the tube housing is 100 mR/hr. What is the intensity of radiation if you step back to 6 feet?

25 mR/hr

The technique chart requires 30 mAs, 73 kVp for a 20 cm AP thoracic spine exam. What should the exposure factors be if there is a 6” space between the patient’s thoracic spine and the image receptor?

45 mAs, 73 kVp

The technique chart says that a 14 x 17” AP thoracic spine image will require 30 mAs, 73 kVp. If a decision is made to collimate down to a 4 x 4” spot view of T-6 what will the exposure factors need to be?

45 mAs, 73 kVp

As mA increases, the cathode filament:

gets hotter

Which of these will produce the most skin dose?

short SID

An image is so underexposed that it needs to be retaken when the exposure factors were 30 mAs, 73 kVp. The new exposure factors should be:

60 mAs, 73 kVp

Linearity is the ability to:

manipulate the mA x seconds for the same mAs and get the same result

According to Dr. Bushong, therapeutic absorption should not be considered with exposures below ____ RAD to the abdominal area of a pregnant woman.

The ten day rule suggests that x-rays of a female with reproductive ability should only be performed:

in the 10 days following the onset of menstruation

To be provided with dosimetry, education and possible reassignment of duty, a pregnant employee must:

declare the pregnancy in writing to the employer

Which of these can receive the most mR/week?

controlled area

A 16 year old is working for you for the summer. What is his/her annual MPD?

0.1 rem

If velocity is constant, when frequency increases, wavelength \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

decreases

The filament/focal spot size is selected on the console by selecting the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Which of these would be best to use for 10 mAs if you are concerened that the patient may move during the exposure?

300 mA, 1/30 second

The mAs can be rounded up or down within \_\_\_\_\_% without a change in radiographic density.

30%

The controlling factor of radiographic density is the:

mAs

The controlling factor of radiographic contrast is:

kVp

Which of these has the most detrimental effect on the recorded detail in the image?

motion

Why is there lead in the back of a cassette?

to absorb backscatter radiation

The film is underexposed. This means that it is too \_\_\_\_\_.

light

The image is so underexposed that it must be taken over again. What must be down to the exposure factors?

at least double the mAs

The geometric sharpness of detail is the same when using 25 mA, 75 mA or 150 mA on the small filament. T/F?

true

A patient who is very muscular will require an increase in kVp. T/F?

true

SID is also known as: 1. FFD 2. TFD 3. OID 4. OFD

1 & 2 [FFD & TFD]

Which of these standard chiropractic images can make use of the air gap technique to reduce patient exposure?

lateral cervical spine

Use of a long ______ will decrease magnification distortion.

SID

Use of a long _____ will increase magnification distortion.

OID

kVp controls the __________ in the beam.

energy

Differential absorption of x-rays results \*\*\*\* image property.

contrast

Which of these would contribute the most toward achieving ALARA?

change from a 200 speed film-screen to a 600 speed

What should be used to clean an intensifying screen?

bandage gauze

When closing down a processor, it is important to be certain:

that the water is turned off and the drain is open

When anatomy is of various thickness, the use of _______ to achieve a uniform image density it is consistent with the concept of ALARA.

compensating filters

Radiographic film emulsion is made of:

silver halide suspended in gelatin

The radiographic film base is made of:

mylar

An average 10:1 ratio grid requires this change in exposure factors.

increase mAs x 4

The grid ratio is the:

the height of the lead strips to the width of the interspace strips

When developing a fixed kVp technique chart, for every 4 cm increase in tissue thickness the mAs should be:

increase 100%

If a film totally exposed to white light or x-ray and then processed it will appear black. T/F?

true

(#73 unreadable) ..............and then ........... will appear black T/F?

false

This method of x-ray production occurs when electrons shift energy levels within an atom.

characteristic

This method of x-ray production occurs when a high speed electron is accelerated and then decelerated when attracted to the nuclear force field.

bremsstrahlung

For useful characteristic x-rays to be formed in a tungsten atom the kVp must be:

≥ 70 kVp

A stochastic effect from radiation exposure needs no threshold of dose to occur. T/F?

true

The annual whole body MPD for occupationally exposed people is:

5 REM

The MPD for a pregnant employee is:

0.5 REM per gestation period

A pregnant radiation worker should wear two dosimeters. One should be on the collar outside the lead apron and one should be at the waist under the lead apron. T/F?

true

Film badge dosimeters should be sent in for monitoring every \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

month

The three “cardinal principles” of radiation protection are:

time, distance, shielding

The purpose of the control badge dosimeter is to monitor background and transportation exposure to radiation and it should be kept next to the machines console. T/F?

false

Human cells are capable of recovery from radiation effects. T/F?

true

Highly proliferative, poorly differentiated cells are very resistant to radiation effects. T/F?

false

\*\*\*\*\* radiation sensitive cell is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

lymphocyte

Short term radiation effects are exhibited in patients who have been exposed to diagnostic x-ray. T/F?

false

Long term radiation effects may be exhibited in people exposed to diagnostic x-ray. T/F?

true

Biologic effects from x-ray exposure are the result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

ionization

The ______ trimester is the most risky to the fetus from exposure to ionizing radiation.

first

An abortion should be recommended to a pregnant woman who has had any diagnostic x-ray exposure to the abdominal area. T/F?

false

The anode side of the image will display the least radiographic density. T/F?

true

The anode side of the tube should be __________ when performing an AP thoracic spine.

The purpose of using the anode heel effect properly is to:

produce a uniform radiographic density

According to the LNT dose response model, the level exposure below which there is no possible biologic damage to a human is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

0 rad

You are 26 years old. Your cumulative MPD is \_\_\_\_\_.

26 REM

The required total filtration of the x-ray beam is ______ aluminum equivalent.

2.5 mm

The dose response curve labeled “A” defines the LNT model. T/F?

true

Which of these dose response curves indicates that a threshold of exposure to radiation would be required before a response would be expected?

Using the diagram of the x-ray tube: the letter A is pointing to the:

filament

Using the diagram of the tube: the letter C is pointing to the:

rotor

Using the diagram of the x-ray tube: the letter E is pointing to the

the focal spot

FQ1 Flashcards

(100 cards)