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HELENP CBG: Cell Architecture, Communication and Regulation > CBG Lecture 38: Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

CBG Lecture 38: Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

define ECM - extracellular matrix

A

complex network of polysacchs and proteins secreted by cells for strengthening tissues

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2
Q

what is a cell junction

A

directly links cells together in flexible tissues

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3
Q

what are the two types of animal tissue

A

connective

epithelial

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4
Q

what are the two main types of extracellular molecules that make up the matrix

A

GAGs - gycosaminoglycans

Fibrous proteins - collagen,lamins,elastin,fibronectin

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5
Q

what are GAGs

A

glycosaminoglycans
extracellular molecules that make up the matrix - usually found covalently linked to protein in the form of proteogylcans

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6
Q

what are proteoglans

A

GAGs - glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains usually found covalently linked to protein

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7
Q

name some fibrous proteins

A

collagen
laminin
elastin
fibronectin

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8
Q

what are epithelial sheets

A

sheet of cells covering surface of tissue which creates a barrier for multicellular orgs

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9
Q

what are the four main structures of cell

A
  1. epithelial tissue
  2. basal lamina
  3. connective tissue
  4. collagen fibres
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10
Q

what are the different epithelial tissues

A 
simple
stratified
columnar
cuboidal
squamous
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11
Q

how are epithelial sheets polarised

A

have two faces: apical (exposed) and basal (rests on connective tissue)

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12
Q

what is basal end of epithelial sheet supported by

A

basal lamina - thin sheet of ECM

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13
Q

what is basal lamina composed of

A

type 4 collagen and laminin

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14
Q

what is laminin

A

links integrin - in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells - to CT (like fibronectin)

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15
Q

what links integrin to connective tissue

A

laminin

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16
Q

what is a cell-cell junction

A

connection between 2 cells or between cell and ECM

separates apical/basal surface and helps in cell-cell communication

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17
Q

give the names of cell-cell junctions

A 
tight junction
adherens junction
desmosome
gap junction
hemidesmosome
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18
Q

what is the function of a tight junction

A

seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage of molecules between them

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19
Q

what is an adherens junction

A

joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in a neightbouring cells

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20
Q

what junction seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage of molecules between them

A

tight junction

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21
Q

what junction connects actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in neighbouring cells

A

adherens junction

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22
Q

what is a desmosome

A

joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbour

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23
Q

what joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to the intermediate filaments of a neighbour

A

desmosome

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24
Q

what is a gap junction

A

forms channels that allow small water soluble molecules including ions to pass from cell to cells

25
Q

what junction provides channels that allows small water soluble molecules including ions to pass from one cell to another

A

gap junction

26
Q

what is a hemidesmosome

A

anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

27
Q

what anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina

A

hemidesomosome

28
Q

what are CAMs

A

cell adhesion molecules

29
Q

how to cells adhere to other cells

A

via transmembrane cadherin molecules that are connected to the cytoskeleton via linker proteins

30
Q

what are the major families of cell adhesion molecules

A
  1. cadherins
  2. Ig-superfamily
  3. integrins
  4. selectins
31
Q

name some cadherins

A

E-cadherins - has calcium binding sites

32
Q

what do integrins contain

A

fibronectin

33
Q

what do selectins contain

A

sugars
lectins
glycoproteins

34
Q

what do spatial and temporal expression of CAMs regulate

A

adhesion

35
Q

what are the roles of CAMs

A

proliferation
migration
differentiation
fighting infection - movement of WBCs

36
Q

why is it so important to have CAMs

A

disruptions in cell-cell interactions have devastating effects on embryo development
cancer metastasis

37
Q

what are the models for generating cell-cell adhesion

A

homotypic (cis)
homophilic
heterophilic (trans)

38
Q

outline cell-cell adhesion via homophilic binding

A

molecules on one cell bind to other molecules of the same kind on adj molecules

39
Q

outline cell-cell adhesion via heterophilic binding

A

molecules on one cell bind to molecules of a different kind on adj cells

40
Q

outline cell cell adhesion by binding through an extracellular linker

A

cell surface receptors on adj cells are linked to one another by secreted multivalent linker molecules

41
Q

how do cadherins link cells

A

via the homophilic mechanism - calcium dependent

the longer CAM = stronger the chain

42
Q

what conformations do integrins exist in

A

low affinity - inactive

high affinity - active

43
Q

what do integrins do

A

mediate cell-adhesion to the ECM by bridging between ECM and cytoskeleton

44
Q

what is the level of adhesion of a cell affected by

A

the expression level on integrin cell surface

45
Q

what is the basal lamina

A

thin mesh of ECM molecules - important in tissue repair and development

46
Q

what does the basal lamina contain

A

multiadhesive matrix proteins
laminin (interact with integrins @ hemidesmosomes)
type 4 collagen
perlecan - proteoglycan - bind diverse partners, crosslink components

47
Q

what are main components of basal lamina

A

type 4 collagen
laminin
entactin
perlecan

48
Q

name some connective tissue

A

tendon -tough and flexible
bone -hard and dense
cartilage - shockabsorbing
soft - jelly in eye

49
Q

what do various types of CT depend on

A

collagen

50
Q

what are collagen fibrils organised into

A

bundles

51
Q

discuss structure/flowchart of a collagen fibril

A

single collagen peptide chain -> triple stranded collagen molecule -> collagen fibril -> triple stranded structure

52
Q

what is collagen rich in

A

proline and glycine

53
Q

what is CT release by skin called

A

fibroblasts

54
Q

what is CT released by bone called

A

osteoblasts

55
Q

how is collagen released by fibroblast

A

exocytosis

56
Q

what does fibronectin and integrin do

A

helps attach CSK to ECM

57
Q

what are preoteoglycans - what do they do

A

help resist compression and function as space fillers in ECM

58
Q

what are GAGs made of

A

Extra cellular proteins linked to negatively charged polysacchs - glycosaminoglycans -GAGs

HELENP CBG: Cell Architecture, Communication and Regulation (5 decks)

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