History of the PA Profession Flashcards
why was the concept of PA developed?
there was inadequate healthcare (general need, physician shortages, developing technology)
how did russian feldshers develop?
they were originally German military assistants to “barber surgeons” . . they were military field surgeons. often they were the only healthcare providers in the rural community (low cost healthcare)
what do the feldshers serve as now in russia?
NP’s or PA’s
define “feldsherism”
using non-physician providers for primary care in developing countries. they apprenticed physicians and provided care in rural areas.
Barefoot doctors emerged from what country?
China
during this cultural revolution of 1966, why did chairman Mao send physicians to do?
he sent physicians to the fields to work, leaving peasants without medical personnel
what was the training of barefoot doctors?
3 months of on the job training in the villages where they served when not working in the rice fields
what was the emphasis of barefoot docs?
common disseases
non-physician providers from which 2 countries make up a large part of the healthcare system
china and russia
where did the origins of the NP profession and PA specialty begin?
university of colorado — child health associate program
what was the concept of Puerto Rican Practicantes?
to provide medical care to rural areas
who were Loblolly boys?
(1814) naval crewmember who assisted ship’s surgeon and carried stuff to sick shipmembers, collected amputated limbs, provided coal for heating, and gave the surgeons buckets of sand so they wouldnt slip on blood
who was a surgeon’s steward?
(1842) trained in basic medicine and served on large ships
where did the role model for the urologic PA start?
Cleveland Clinic (in the 30’s and 40’s) - informally trained surgical provider working in urology
where did vivian thomas help perfect the techniques of CT surgery?
Johns Hopkins (in the 40’s)
what happened to people’s standards after the Bolshevik Revolution?
they increased! people wanted a higher standard of care so the feldshers were considered 2nd class medicine. but its ok! they got re-trained and served side by side with physicians in urban areas. they became alternatives to physicians in underserved areas.
why was it great to be a feldsher?
tuition free, no expenses, jobs provided.
after how many years of practicing were the feldsher’s eligable for med school?
3 years
what is the current trend for feldshers?
feldsher educators, continuing medical education
how long was the training for barefoot doctors?
3-6 months
what did the barefoot doctors focus on in their training?
basic hygiene, preventative medicine, family planning, and common illnesses
how does one acquire the title “Village Doctor”
gotta pass an exam (can we call ourselves Village Docs yet?)
why was 1966 a crazy year for the barefoot doctors?
many medical schools closed, reduction in length of training, about 1/5 of barefoot docs eventually entered med school
so the barefoot docs are still around today. but what do they do?
they focus more on private, fee for service practices charging for medications.
where are there currently PA equivalents?
canada, the netherlands, austrailia, south africa, taiwan, great britain, scotland
which two universities use their pa schools to train PAs or similar degree overseas
university of utah and george washington university
US PAs overseas
missionary, relief, and other non-governmental organizations, corporations, US armed forces, other gov positions (peace corps, CIA)
T/F: young physicians are moving into primary care
False. they are moving into specialties
