3A. Cognitive Functions

Question 1

the idea that the two hemispheres of the brain specialize in different functions

Answer 1

brain lateralization

Question 2

dominant in language, logical thinking, and analytical processing

Answer 2

left hemisphere

Question 3

responsible for spatial awareness, creativity, and holistic processing

Answer 3

right hemisphere

Question 4

both hemispheres work together through the ___ to integrate information efficiently

Answer 4

corpus callosum

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: the human brain is symmetrical

Answer 5

false

Question 6

this hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is connected to skin receptors and muscles mainly on the right side of the body

Answer 6

left hemisphere

Question 7

this hemisphere is connected to skin receptors and muscles mainly on the left side

Answer 7

right hemisphere

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: the left hemisphere sees only the right half of the world, the right hemisphere sees only the left half of the world

Answer 8

true

Question 9

a large set of axons conveying information between the two hemispheres

Answer 9

corpus callosum

Question 10

such division of labor between the two hemispheres is known as ___

Answer 10

lateralization

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE: in rabbits and other species with eyes far to the side of the head, the left eye connects to the right hemisphere, and the right eye connects to the left

Answer 11

true

Question 12

a treatment for severe epilepsy

Answer 12

corpus callosotomy

Question 13

a condition characterized by repeated episodes of excessive synchronized neural activity; can result from a mutation in a gene controlling the GABA receptor from trauma or infection in the brain

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 14

people who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum

Answer 14

split-brain people

Question 15

better than the left at perceiving the emotions in people’s gestures and tone of voice, such as happiness or sadness

Answer 15

right hemisphere

Question 16

one of the most complex and unique abilities of humans

Answer 16

language

Question 17

theories of language

Answer 17

• biological evolution theory
• social communication theory
• tool-making hypothesis
• gesture-fist hypothesis

Question 18

language developed gradually through natural selection

Answer 18

biological evolution theory

Question 19

language evolved as a way to strengthen social bonds

Answer 19

social communication theory

Question 20

language evolved alongside tool-making skills

Answer 20

tool-making hypothesis

Question 21

early humans first used hand gestures before vocal speech

Answer 21

gesture-fist hypothesis

Question 22

located in the left frontal lobe; responsible for speech production and grammatical processing

Answer 22

broca’s area

Question 23

difficulty in speaking but comprehension
remains intact

Answer 23

broca’s aphasia

Question 24

located in the left temporal lobe; involved in language comprehension

Answer 24

wernicke’s area

Question 25

fluent but meaningless speech

Answer 25

wernicke’s aphasia

Question 26

a bundle of nerve fibers connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas; helps in speech repetition and coherent communication

Answer 26

arcuate fasciculus

Question 27

difficulty repeating words or sentences

Answer 27

conduction aphasia

Question 28

controls movement of lips, tongue, and vocal cords

Answer 28

primary motor cortex

Question 29

converts written text into spoken language (important for reading)

Answer 29

angular gyrus

Question 30

positioned lower in the throat, allowing a wide range of sounds

Answer 30

larynx

Question 31

vibrate to produce different sounds; controlled by breath from the lungs.

Answer 31

vocal cords

Question 32

shape sounds into words

Answer 32

tongue and lips

Question 33

temporal lobe processes speech sounds

Answer 33

auditory system

Question 34

severe impairment in both speech production and comprehension

Answer 34

global aphasia

Question 35

difficulty in reading due to differences in angular gyrus function

Answer 35

dyslexia

Question 36

disruptions in speech fluency due to issues in motor coordination

Answer 36

stuttering