3a - COUW Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the growth in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas.
Roughly how much of the world’s population lives in urban areas? What is the prediction for 2050?
More than 50%.
Majority of the world’s population.
On what scale is urbanisation happening?
Urbanisation is happening globally.
When did urbanisation first happen in developed countries?
What are the global trends for urbanisation?
In the 19th century, during the industrial revolutions, developed countries started becoming more urban.
In developed countries, roughly 80% of people live in urban areas
In developing countries, roughly 35% of people live in urban areas
However developing countries have the fastest rates of urbanisation
What is a megacity?
A City with over 10 million people.
How does the rate of growth affect inequalities within a city? (megacity)
When a city grows steadily, their infrastructure - water, supplies, food, doctors, schools etc can cope with the population growth; leading to little inequality (e.g. Tokyo, Los Angeles)
When a city rapidly expands, not all the residents can be looked after and can adapt, and the infrastructure is under high pressure. This leads to inequalities e.g. (Mumbai, Mexico City)
What is a world city?
A city with global influence, with a population below 10 million people.
What are some ways in which world cities/ primate cities have influence?
- Political decisions
(leaders of world cities can have impact on other areas of the world) - Migration and travel
(word cities have large international airports, that have many tourists, migrants and businessmen passing through (e.g. Dubai and Singapore) - Businesses
(TNCs have their headquarters in world cities, as they are connected and adds to their brand image)
What is urban primacy?
When a city dominates the country it is in. (much larger population etc).
What is migration?
National migration - when people move to a city in the same country (e.g. rural urban migration from countryside to urban)
International migration - when people move from one country to a city in another country.
What are the main causes for migration?
Push and pull factors.
Push factors:
- shortage of jobs
- poor standard of living
- poor healthcare and education
- war or conflict
- natural disasters
- poor environment
Pull factors:
- More employment opportunities, higher wages
- Better standard of living
- Better health-care and education
- Safe place with little crime or risk
- Cleaner environment
what is suburbanisation?
The movement of people from the middle of the city to the edges, leading to urban sprawl as housing is built in outskirts.
Pull factors, e.g. green spaces, and less pollution
Push factors e.g. pollution and overcrowding in urban areas
What is deindustrialisation?
- As countries develop, they experience de- industrialisation
- move out of city centres ro rural areas, globabl shift
