3A Psych

Question 1

Mental state exam word

Answer 1

ASEPTIC

Question 2

A septic

Answer 2

Appearance and behaviour
(hygiene, clothes, weight, posture)
(fidgeting, shy, agitated, eye contact)

Question 3

a S eptic

Answer 3

Speech
(rate, rhythm, tone, volume)

Question 4

as E ptic

Answer 4

Emotion
(Mood)
(Affect observable emotion over a chat)

Question 5

ase P tic

Answer 5

Perception
(hallucination, illusions, paranoia, depersonalisation, derealisation)

Question 6

asep T ic

Answer 6

Thoughts
(Form, content, possession)

Question 7

asept I c

Answer 7

Insight
(are they aware they have a problem, do they think it needs treating)

Question 8

asepti C

Answer 8

Cognition
(Orientation to time, place, person)

Question 9

Organic vs non organic

Answer 9

Organic = observable on a scan e.g. on a CT seeing a tumour or dementia
Non organic = not observable

Question 10

How do SSRIs work

Answer 10

Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin from
presynaptic serotonin pumps

Question 11

2 SSRIs

Answer 11

sertraline
Fluoxetine for under 18s

Question 12

SSRIs used for

Answer 12

Depression, anxiety, OCD

Question 13

side effects SSRIs

Answer 13

GI symptoms, anxiety/agitation, insomnia,
sweating, sex (anorgasmia)
suicide

Question 14

withdrawal SSRI symptoms

Answer 14

dizziness, headache, tremor, agitation, GI issues

Question 15

SNRI mechanism

Answer 15

Presynaptic blockade of both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake pumps
(in high doses also blocks dopamine reuptake);
low effects on muscarinic,
histaminergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Question 16

2 SNRIs

Answer 16

Venlafaxine, duloxetine

Question 17

SNRI conditions

Answer 17

depression + anxiety

Question 18

Side effects SNRI

Answer 18

Dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, hot flushes

Question 19

Tricyclic Antidepressants
example

Answer 19

Amitriptyline

Question 20

tricyclic used for

Answer 20

depression, anxiety, OCD, (chronic pain)

Question 21

Tricyclic mechanism

Answer 21

Blockade of both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake pumps (also dopamine to a small extent). Muscarinic, histaminergic, alpha-adrenergic.

Question 22

Tricyclic side effects

Answer 22

Anticholinergic effects (muscarinic receptor block): dry mouth, constipation,
blurred vision, urinary retention

Antiadrenergic effects: postural hypotension (dizziness and syncope)

Antihistaminergic effects: sedation and weight gain

Overdose

Question 23

NaSSAs example
(Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants)

Answer 23

Mirtazapine

Question 24

NaSSAs mechanism
(Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants)

Answer 24

Presynaptic alpha2 blockage -> increased noradrenaline and
serotonin from presynaptic neurons; histamine antagonist

Question 25

NaSSAs used for (Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants)

Answer 25

depression, anxiety

Question 26

NaSSAs (Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants)

Answer 26

sedation and weight gain

Question 27

MAOI mechanism (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

Answer 27

Inhibit enzyme Monoamine oxidase A & B

Question 28

MAOI side effects (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

Answer 28

overdose risk tyramine cheese reaction (hypertensive crisis)

Question 29

MAOI used for (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

Answer 29

depression

Question 30

For depression drug order

Answer 30

SSRI different SSRI SNRI

Question 31

Lithium used for

Answer 31

Mania Mood stabiliser

Question 32

Who can you not give lithium

Answer 32

Preggo women as TERATOGENIC

Question 33

What do you need to do for people on lithium

Answer 33

Monitoring Baselines weekly then every 3 months

Question 34

Lithium side effects

Answer 34

polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain, oedema, fine tremor coarse tremor, ECG changes (QT), arrhythmias, nystagmus dysarthria, brisk reflexes, impaired consciousness

Question 35

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 35

Neuromuscular abnormalities Altered mental state Autonomic dysfunction

Question 36

Sodium valproate used for

Answer 36

mood stabiliser, anticonvulsant

Question 37

Who cant you give Sodium valproate to

Answer 37

women of childbearing age as highly TERATOGENIC

Question 38

Sodium Valproate side effects

Answer 38

weight gain, dizziness, hair loss, n+v, tremor, deranged LFT

Question 39

Benzodiazepines 2 examples

Answer 39

lorazepam (short acting), diazepam (longer acting)

Question 40

What are benzodiazepines used for

Answer 40

anxiety (short term in extreme cases only), mania, psychosis, alcohol withdrawal, acute agitation/aggression

Question 41

Benzodiazepines mechanism

Answer 41

Bind to GABA receptor -> neuronal inhibition

Question 42

side effects Benzodiazepines

Answer 42

addictive, resp and CNS depressant effects (so avoid in certain cases)

Question 43

Z drugs used for and examples

Answer 43

zopiclone insomnia / inducing sleep Stimulate GABA receptor