3A2 Properties and States of Matter

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 3

What are physical properties of matter?

Answer 3

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance.

Question 4

Give three examples of physical properties.

Answer 4

• Length
• Volume
• Mass

Question 5

What tools can be used to determine physical properties?

Answer 5

• Visual observation
• A balance
• Ruler
• Other measurement tools

Question 6

What are chemical properties of matter?

Answer 6

They describe how a substance interacts with other substances during a chemical reaction, changing its chemical composition.

Question 7

What are some characteristics of physical properties of matter?

Answer 7

• Can be observed.
• Can be measured with a tool.
• Can change when a substance changes state.
• Have nothing to do with what type of matter interacts with another type.

Question 8

What are some characteristics of chemical properties of matter?

Answer 8

• Happen at the atomic level.
• Occur when one substance reacts with another.
• Can’t always be observed.
• Are not easily measured with a tool.

Question 9

Give three examples of chemical properties.

Answer 9

• Reactivity
• pH
• Corrosion

Question 10

Is matter living or non-living?

Answer 10

Can be living or non-living.

It can be organic (containing carbon) or inorganic (no carbon present).

Essentially, everything is matter; from the tiniest insect to the largest tree.

Question 11

What is the difference between physical and chemical changes in matter?

Answer 11

• Physical changes alter the form of a substance without changing its chemical identity.
• Chemical changes result in new substances being formed.

Question 12

What are some examples of phase changes in matter?

Answer 12

• Melting
• Freezing
• Vaporization
• Condensation
• Sublimation

Question 13

Why is color considered a physical property?

Answer 13

It is an observable characteristic that does not change the chemical composition of the substance.

Question 14

Why is pH considered a chemical property?

Answer 14

Because it measures how a substance interacts with water to release H+ ions, changing its chemical composition.

Question 15

How is density defined and calculated?

Answer 15

• Definition: it is how much mass of that substance is packed into a given volume.
• Formula: Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume (Density = mass/volume).

Density is a physical property.

Question 16

How does reactivity classify as a chemical property?

Answer 16

It describes how a substance interacts with another to form a new substance with a different chemical composition.

Question 17

What is an example of a physical property that changes during a phase change?

Answer 17

The shape of water changes when an ice cube melts to form liquid water, but its chemical composition remains the same.

Question 18

What is mass and how is it classified?

Answer 18

It is a measure of the amount of matter in a substance and classified as a physical property.

Mass is measurable using a balance and can be observed and recorded. This means that mass is a physical property, not a chemical property.

Question 19

Describe corrosion as a chemical property.

Answer 19

It occurs when a metal reacts with oxygen, often leading to the degradation of the metal’s surface, such as rusting.

Question 20

What are the five types of chemical reactions?

Answer 20

• Combustion
• Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Single replacement
• Double replacement

Question 21

Give an example of corrosion.

Answer 21

• Rusting steel.
• Saltwater destroying bridge.

Question 22

Explain why water is an exception to the general rule about density changes with state changes.

Answer 22

Water’s density decreases when it freezes because its V-shaped molecules trap air, making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 23

How many states of matter are there commonly found in the universe?

Answer 23

four

Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of a solid state of matter?

Answer 24

• Low energy
• High density
• A definite volume
• A definite shape

Question 25

What are the characteristics of a liquid state of matter?

Answer 25

• Moderate energy
• Moderate density
• A definite volume
• No definite shape

Question 26

What are the characteristics of a **gas** state of matter?

Answer 26

* High energy * Low density * No definite volume * No definite shape

Question 27

What are the characteristics of a **plasma** state of matter?

Answer 27

* Extremely high energy * Low density * No definite volume * No definite shape

Question 28

Give an example of plasma in the universe.

Answer 28

The Sun

Question 29

How does plasma differ from gas?

Answer 29

It is a charged gas-like substance with high levels of free-floating electrons and positively charged ions, making it extremely hot and conductive.

Question 30

Name an example of naturally occurring and man-made plasma on Earth?

Answer 30

* **Naturally occuring:** Lightning. * **Man-made:** include the matter required for neon signs, fluorescent tube lights, and plasma televisions.

Question 31

What is the process called when a solid changes to a liquid?

Answer 31

Melting.

Question 32

What is the process called when a liquid changes to a gas?

Answer 32

Evaporation.

Question 33

What is **sublimation**?

Answer 33

The process where a solid transitions directly to a gas.

Question 34

What is the process of a gas changing to a liquid called?

Answer 34

Condensation.

Question 35

What are **amorphous solids**?

Answer 35

A less common state of matter that is halfway between a solid and a liquid, like glass.

Question 36

What is a **supercritical fluid**?

Answer 36

A state of matter that has properties of both a liquid and a gas.

Question 37

What is **deposition** in the context of matter?

Answer 37

The process where a gas transitions directly to a solid.

Question 38

What is Bose-Einstein condensate?

Answer 38

A rare state of matter where supercooled gases coalesce into a superatom.

Question 39

What is **ionization** in the context of matter?

Answer 39

The process where a gas transitions to plasma by gaining enough energy to free electrons from atoms.

Question 40

What is the **triple point** of a substance?

Answer 40

The condition where a substance can exist in solid, liquid, and gas states simultaneously, occurring at a specific equilibrium of temperature and pressure.

Question 41

Describe the arrangement of **atoms** in a **solid** and give an example.

Answer 41

* Atoms packed closely together and vibrate in place. * Examples: ice, wood, and cars.

Question 42

Describe the arrangement of **atoms** in a **liquid** and give an example.

Answer 42

* Atoms that are loosely bonded, allowing fluid movement. * Examples: water, juice, and paint.

Question 43

How are **atoms** arranged in a **gas** state of matter?

Answer 43

* Atoms move quickly apart with no defined shape or volume, making gases compressible. * Examples: water vapor, oxygen, and helium.

Question 44

What is a **phase change** in matter?

Answer 44

The transition of matter from one state to another, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.

Question 45

Describe the process of **melting**.

Answer 45

It is when a solid becomes a liquid due to an increase in temperature and energy.

Question 46

What is **vaporization**?

Answer 46

The process of a liquid changing into a gas when energy is added.

Question 46

What happens during the **freezing** process?

Answer 46

Liquid becomes a solid as its temperature is lowered.

Question 47

Give an example of a physical change and a chemical change.

Answer 47

* **Physical change:** Melting ice cream or dissolving sugar in coffee. * **Chemical change:** Burning a candle, which produces water and carbon dioxide, or rusting of iron.

Question 48

What is the **Law of Conservation of Matter**?

Answer 48

It states that the amount of matter remains the same during physical or chemical changes.

Question 49

Which of the states of matter are **compressible**?

Answer 49

Gases ## Footnote Gases are compressible, as they have no definite shape or volume and can expand to fill a container. Solids and liquids are not easily compressible due to their definite volume.

Question 50

Why do gas bubbles rise to the surface in a liquid?

Answer 50

Gases have a lower density compared to liquids and solids.