3B. The Female Reproductive System

Question 1

functions of the female reproductive system

Answer 1

• oogenesis
• hormone production
• fertilization
• gestation

Question 2

paired organs located in the pelvic cavity

Answer 2

ovary

Question 3

the process of egg formation, beginning before birth; primitive egg cells (oogonia) multiply

Answer 3

oogenesis

Question 4

the supportive process, where cells around the egg mature, culminating in ovulation, and the release of an egg

Answer 4

follicular development

Question 5

development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle

Answer 5

estrogen

Question 6

prepares the uterus for implantation, maintains pregnancy

Answer 6

progesterone

Question 7

paired tubes extending from the ovaries to the uterus

Answer 7

fallopian tube

Question 8

transport of the egg from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization; provide a nourishing environment for the fertilized egg

Answer 8

fallopian tube

Question 9

where fetal development
occurs and has three layers

Answer 9

uterus

Question 10

three layers of the uterus

Answer 10

• perimetrium
• myometrium
• endometrium

Question 11

occurs when an embryo attaches to the endometrial lining, starting placental formation

Answer 11

implantation

Question 12

lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, acting as a passage for menstrual flow, sperm, and childbirth

Answer 12

cervix

Question 13

larger upper part of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants and fetal development occurs

Answer 13

main body

Question 14

located at the base of the uterus; produces mucus that aids fertilization

Answer 14

cervix

Question 15

TRUEOR FALSE: fertilization and implantation must happen within a precise timeframe for pregnancy to occur

Answer 15

true

Question 16

when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain and complications

Answer 16

endometriosis

Question 17

when an embryo implants outside the uterus

Answer 17

ectopic pregnancy

Question 18

heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding caused by hormonal imbalances or uterine conditions

Answer 18

excessive bleeding

Question 19

abnormal cell growth that can be life-threatening if not treated

Answer 19

uterine or ovarian cancer

Question 20

non-cancerous growths in the uterus that cause pain and heavy bleeding

Answer 20

fibroids

Question 21

when the uterus shifts downward, leading to discomfort and organ displacement

Answer 21

uterine prolapse

Question 22

connects the uterus with the external environment; 10 cm long tube filled with mucus membrane

Answer 22

vagina

Question 23

vaginal cells have a large store of ___, which is broken down to be used by lactobacillus to produce lactic acid

Answer 23

glycogen

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE: high pH is the desired environment for the vagina

Answer 24

false (low pH)

Question 25

external genitalia of the female

Answer 25

vulva

Question 26

most sensitive are of the vulva; homologous to the glans penis in males

Answer 26

clitoris

Question 27

modified sweat glands located above the pectoralis major muscle; supported by ligaments and are protected by a layer of adipose tissue

Answer 27

mammary glands

Question 28

produced in the lobules of the gland, stored in the lactiferous sinuses, and passed out of the breast via lactiferous ducts

Answer 28

milk

Question 29

breasts swell in response to this hormone

Answer 29

prolactin (PRL)

Question 30

begins a series of wave-like muscle contractions and intense pleasurable feeling which ends the plateau

Answer 30

orgasm

Question 31

TRUE OR FALSE: females do not require refractory period

Answer 31

true