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Question 1

How does social inequality impact upon people’s lives in Northwood?

Answer 1

Northwood and Irvine represent the opposite end of the economic spectrum to Jembatan Besi.

Question 2

What is the future for Northwood?

Answer 2

Widely regarded as one of the ‘best places to live in the USA’. Even during downturns in the economy, job-pay was still high. Combination of high quality housing, infrastructure, education, and facilities.

Question 3

Outline age/gender/ethnicity/personal mobility in Northwood.

Answer 3

1/2 residents white, with the largest majority of the rest being Asian. Mainly from Vietnam (from Vietnam war migration).

Question 4

Outline education in Northwood.

Answer 4

University of California is the city’s single largest employer. Blizzard entertainment -> high-tech company (video games).

Question 5

Outline health in Northwood.

Answer 5

Healthcare is excellent. Irvine as a whole is safer than 96% of the cities in California.

Question 6

Outline income in Northwood.

Answer 6

Median income is roughly US$113,000 a year (National average is US$63,000). Income is very high -> even during economic downturns.

Question 7

Outline the access to resources in Northwood.

Answer 7

Access to employment in Irvine is great. Many facilities -> Universities of California. Vehicle HQs such as Kia, Mazda, and Toshiba.

Question 8

Outline the environmental quality in Northwood.

Answer 8

Air pollution is relatively low. Conurbation edge avoids the smog. Lots of greenery e.g. Oak Creek Community Park.

Question 9

Outline the housing conditions in Northwood.

Answer 9

Average household size is 2.8 people. Streets lined with trees. 2/3 of people have live in Northwood for more than 10 years.

Question 10

How many people live in Northwood? How many houses?

Answer 10

49,000 people live in Northwood. There are 18,000 households.

Question 11

How does social inequality impact upon people’s lives in JB?

Answer 11

The richest 10% control nearly 30% of household income, while the poorest 10% have access to 2.9% Half of the country’s assets owned by the richest 1%. People in the slum may have a poor standard of living, but they are very resilient and in turn have a strong sense of community and quality of life.

Question 12

What is the future for JB?

Answer 12

Urban authorities trying to make in-roads in the worst areas, but this is difficult due to planning -> slum clearance allows for re-building. 392 ‘community units’, slum areas planned for improvement.

Question 13

Outline age/gender/ethnicity/personal mobility within JB.

Answer 13

Very young and old are vulnerable to dehydration. Many women are employed in the garment industry.

Question 14

Outline education within JB.

Answer 14

There are schools, but they are poorly equipped. Families cannot allow some children to go to school as they need money to supplement family income.

Question 15

Outline health within JB.

Answer 15

Diet is dominated by rice; little fresh protein and veg. Sanitation hardly exists. Few homes have a toilet, some slums have them poorly built and run for profit by local businesses. Toilets flush into open sewers on the streets.

Question 16

Outline income within JB.

Answer 16

Garment industry is a major source of employment for many young females. Average income is US$4/ day -> this is not a regular income for many. Employment is often insecure. Residents only provide unskilled/ casual labour.

Question 17

Outline the access to resources that are available in JB.

Answer 17

Access to sanitation is very poor. Access to education is available, but many choose not to pursue for economic reasons.

Question 18

Describe the environmental quality in JB.

Answer 18

Air pollution levels are high, kerosene used for cooking, emissions drift over the city. There are also many waste tips.

Question 19

What percentage of people own a home in JB?

Answer 19

91% own a home in JB.

Question 20

Just over what fraction of people in JB live in slum settlements?

Answer 20

Just over 1/4 live in slum settlements.

Question 21

Describe the settlement structure of Jembatan Besi.

Answer 21

The settlement is hemmed in on all sides.

Question 22

What is the population of Jakarta?

Answer 22

Jakarta has a population of 10 million.

Question 23

How many people live in Indonesia?

Answer 23

256 million people live in Indonesia.

Question 24

How do levels of deprivation and social inequality within Lympstone and Toxteth compare to the National picture?

Answer 24

Lympstone has a low deprivation compared to the rest of the Nation. It is above average. Toxteth has a high deprivation, it is part of Liverpool which is a post-industrial city. It is below average.

Question 25

In which aspects is Lympstone better? How can you explain this?

Answer 25

10% least deprived in the country, for living environment domain. Green spaces are common in the suburbs. Disposable incomes allow the areas to be maintained, kept fresh. House prices increase if surrounding area is more appealing e.g. safety, aesthetically pleasing.

Question 26

In which aspects is Toxteth most deprived?

Answer 26

10% most deprived for income, education, employment, and health. Little education, lower wages. Education not viewed as crucial - ideology that it is better to just go straight to work. Employment positions potentially taken by more educated/ skilled. Derelict housing, as well as wage-affected diets can lead to health issues.

Question 27

In which aspects is Toxteth the least deprived (compared to Lympstone)? Why do you think this is?

Answer 27

In the most deprived 50% of neighbourhoods in the country, for barriers to housing/ services. Services may be limited/ busy. NHS supplied facilities require long waiting lists; deprived areas may not be able to afford private services.

Question 28

How do levels of deprivation and social inequality within Salisbury compare to the National picture?

Answer 28

Although Salisbury has a few inner city areas that are less deprived, there are sections around the UK (predominately in the North) that are far more deprived. In general, Salisbury is average with deprivation.

Question 29

In which aspects is Bouverie Avenue better? How can you explain this?

Answer 29

10% least deprived in the country for living environment. 20% least deprived for education deprivation. This could be explained through the many green spaces in the suburbs of Salisbury. Income is also available to keep the areas fresh. Equally, disposable income is able to support their children’s education e.g. tutoring, supplies etc. Thus, more opportunities for College/ University. Supplies e.g. textbooks are able to reinforce learning.

Question 30

In which aspects is Bemerton Heath least deprived? Why?

Answer 30

50% most deprived for barriers to housing/ services. 30% most deprived for health and living environment. This may be because Wiltshire Council is able to cater for all socio-economic backgrounds e.g. Five Rivers Leisure Centre. There are a plethora of services that can be accessed via the NHS. Council housing is able to support many.

Question 31

In which aspects is Bemerton Heath the most deprived? Why is this?

Answer 31

Amongst the 20% most deprived neighbourhoods in the country. 10% most deprived for education and crime. This may be because education is not potentially seen as a main priority in working families. Low income families may not be able to support their children’s education e.g. supplies.

Question 32

What are the examples for social inequality within a global scale?

Answer 32

Social inequality within a global scale: Jembatan Besi and Northwood.

Question 33

What are the examples for social inequality within a local scale?

Answer 33

Social inequality within an local scale: Toxteth and Lympstone

Question 34

What is the example for social inequality within an intra-urban scale?

Answer 34

Social inequality within an intra-urban scale: Salisbury