3.influence Flashcards
What is a calque?
A word or phrase translated literally, word-for-word, from another language.
What is a loanword?
A: A word taken directly from another language without translation.
What Latin word is “mile” derived from?
From mille, meaning “a thousand.”
What does “Chester” or “Lancaster” derive from?
From Latin castra, meaning “army camp.”
Name a few Latin words adopted into Old English through trade.
A: Street (strata), cook (coquus), post (postis).
What influenced religious Latin borrowings in Old English?
The arrival of Christian missionaries around AD 600.
Give an example of a Latin loanword related to religion.
Nun (nonna), creed (credo).
Which semantic fields saw Latin borrowings in Old English?
Religion, literature, flora, and medicine.
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: What event marked major linguistic change in English?
The Norman invasion in AD 1066.
What languages did English borrow from during this time?
French and Latin.
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. Give some Latin-based words from Middle English.
-Animal, imagination, patient, religion, remedy.
What was the Inkhorn Controversy about?
A debate over the use of Latin/Greek borrowings (Neologizers vs. Purists).
Why was Latin grammar used as a model in the 18th century?
To help standardise English vocabulary and grammar.
Q: What fields use many Latin words today?
Medicine, electricity, physics, chemistry, psychology, education.
Name some Latin prefixes and suffixes still used.
. Prefixes: ante-, auto-, extra- | Suffixes: -al, -arian, -ify
Q: Give an example of Latin used in mottos or phrases.
Carpe diem, Per ardua ad astra, Veni, vidi, vici
