3rd 9 weeks test

Question 1

Group of individuals so similar that when they reproduce they produce a fertile offspring

Answer 1

Species

Question 2

Descent with modification

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

Answer 3

Micro: Change within species (size of a sparrow)
Macro: develop a new species (specimen of any kind)

Question 4

History of evolutionary species

Answer 4

Phylogeny

Question 5

differences within members of a population

Answer 5

Variation

Question 6

All members of a species that live in a given area

Answer 6

population

Question 7

What is the difference between Gene Flow and Genetic Drift?

Answer 7

Gene Flow: 1 or more members of a population move to a different population
Genetic Drift: Reduced variety of alleles of population

Question 8

What is bottlenecking?

Answer 8

Genetic Drift

Question 9

Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 9

E:

1. larger and complex
2. HAS a nucleus
3. has membrane bound organelles
4. Sexual Reproduction (Meiosis)

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Power house

Makes Energy

Question 11

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 11

Makes protein, has ribosomes on the surface

Question 12

Golgi Apparatas

Answer 12

POST OFFICE

Receives, packages, and sends molecules

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Photosynthesis

Makes sugar

Question 14

What is the benefit of having folded membranes in the mitochondria?

Answer 14

Adds surface area and that means more ATP synthesis happens

Question 15

What type of molecule is an enzyme?

Answer 15

Protein and Catalyst

Question 16

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 16

Since its a catalyst, it speeds up chemical reactions

Question 17

How does a catalyst speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 17

It lowers the activation energy

Question 18

Whats the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 18

Active transport goes up and against

Question 19

How will the water flow with an isotonic solution?

Answer 19

In and out

Question 20

How will the water flow with a hypertonic solution?

Answer 20

Out and shrinks

Question 21

How does water flow in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 21

It goes in, and the cell expands

Question 22

What is the difference between a stem cell and a mature body cell?

Answer 22

The Stem cell has undifferenciated cell

The mature body cell already has a role and is specialized

Question 23

What is produced in transcription?

Answer 23

RNA copy of DNA

Question 24

What is produced in translation?

Answer 24

Protein

Question 25

What is the differences between RNA and DNA?

Answer 25

RNA: single stranded, has uracill, and has ribos

Question 26

mRNA

Answer 26

messenger transcription makes rna copies

Question 27

rRNA

Answer 27

makes ribosomes

Question 28

tRNA

Answer 28

transfers RNA and makes proteins

Question 29

A

Answer 29

U

Question 30

T

Answer 30

A

Question 31

G

Answer 31

C

Question 32

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 32

Mitosis---2 cells; diploid

Question 33

Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

Answer 33

Adaptation

Question 34

Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

Answer 34

Natural Selection

Question 35

Measure of an organisms ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population

Answer 35

Fitness

Question 36

4 principles of Natural Selection

Answer 36

1. all populations have genetic variation. 2. the environment presents challenges to successful reproduction. 3. individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges presented by their environment tend to leave more offspring than those individuals less suited to the environment. 4. individuals tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support.

Question 37

Difference between homologous structures and analogous structures

Answer 37

Homologous: Same place but different function Analogous: different place, same function

Question 38

Vestigial Structure

Answer 38

A part that is greatly reduced from the original ancestry form

Question 39

how are fossils used as evidence for evolution?

Answer 39

They show the tiny details of bone structure and show scientists how they have changed

Question 40

What is the difference between convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

Answer 40

Divergent: 2 different species share the same ancestral origins Converent: different ancestral origins (sharks and dolphins)

Question 41

What is coevolution?

Answer 41

Evolution of one species in response to the change in another species (honeybees became dependent on flowers and vis versa)