3rd EXAM

Question 1

What happens when there is a high concentration of something on one side of a semipermeable membrane?

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

Electron chain to produce ATP

Answer 2

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 3

Since H+ concentration is higher on one side of the membrane we call this

Answer 3

Chemical Gradient

Question 4

are those that live in environments that have no O2

Answer 4

Anaerobic prokaryotic organisms

Question 5

they are actually killed in the presence of O2

Answer 5

strict/obligate anaerobes

Question 6

They survive without oxygen, but they can use it if available.

Answer 6

part time/facultative anaerobes

Question 7

It basically takes the products of glycolysis and utilizes them to produce a little ATP (and NAD—which is needed for glycolysis to proceed)

other energy-producing pathways for anaerobic organisms/conditions.

Answer 7

Fermentation

Question 8

Photosynthesis:
CO2+ H2O + solar energy ——> carbohydrate + O2 (glucose)

Answer 8

The process involves the absorption of light, splitting of water molecules to release oxygen, and the synthesis of carbohydrates in the form of glucose.

Question 9

carbohydrate + O2
——-> CO2 + H2O + ATP
(glucose)

Answer 9

reverse process of photosynthesis, converting the energy stored in glucose into ATP for the cell’s energy needs.

Question 10

Plants, algae (Eukaryotes), cyanobacteria (colorful bacteria from the domain Bacteria)

What do they have in common? They make light energy absorbing pigments

The pigments allow the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates).

Answer 10

chlorophyll or carotenoids

Question 11

where solar energy is collected and used to make a little ATP.

cannot occur in the dark

Answer 11

light requiring reactions

Question 12

where solar energy is collected and used to make a little ATP.

can occur in the dark

Answer 12

Calvin cycle

Question 13

is the major building block of glucose and other sugars with glucose components (as well as glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids).

Answer 13

G3P (glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate)

Question 14

CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose + O2
(What does this reaction resemble?)

Answer 14

cellular respiration

Question 15

The ATP used to “start” photosynthesis is generated via solar energy—

Answer 15

photophosphorylation

Question 15

is how cell reproduce and multicellular organisms grow and develop!

Answer 15

Mitosis

Question 16

Prokaryotes reproduce in a similar fashion called

Answer 16

binary fission

Question 16

We have___pairs of chromosomes

Answer 16

23

Question 16

Each of the different types of chromosome has a unique set of genes—But each specific pair has the same set of genes in the same location

Answer 16

locus

Question 17

The pairs are called

Answer 17

homologus pairs

Question 18

DNA and histone proteins are known generally as _____

The fully condensed structure is called a _____

Answer 18

chromatin
chromosome

Question 19

Events of interphase

Answer 19

Growth
Biosynthesis

Question 20

The S in S-phase stands for

Answer 20

synthesis of DNA

Question 21

Sorted, duplicated chromosomes-

Answer 21

Karyotype

Question 22

The division of the chromosomes occurs in the steps of

Answer 22

mitosis

Question 23

Mitosis is arbitrarily divided into 4 distinct stages

Answer 23

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 24

focuses on separation of daughter chromosomes.

Answer 24

mitosis

Question 25

The final step in cell reproduction is complete separation of cytoplasm/daughter cells.

Answer 25

cytokinesis

Question 26

only cells which are destined to divide remain in, or enter the cell cycle.

Answer 26

cell cycle control

Question 27

Some cells can re-enter the cell cycle and prepare to divide again. Other cells cannot…If they have changed into fully specialized cells, they cannot revert to actively dividing cells. This process of specializing is sometimes called

Answer 27

terminal differentiation

Question 28

Regulation of the cell cycle is known as the It consists of a number of checks on the health and readiness for cell division

Answer 28

cell cycle control system

Question 29

Scientists have identified 3 places in the cell cycle where important checks are made and where a cell may pause its progression.

Answer 29

G1 checkpoint G2 checkpoint M checkpoint

Question 30

If a cell cannot fix the problem that initiated the pause in the cell cycle, it will activate a specific kind of cell death known as is also known as programmed cell death.

Answer 30

apoptosis

Question 31

has the ability to pause a cell for repair OR push a damaged cell to die—in a tidy fashion that doesn’t hurt neighboring cells.

Answer 31

P53 protein