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Reading And Writing > 3rd Quarter > Flashcards

3rd Quarter Flashcards

1
Q

This happens when you simply accepts the things you are told without examining them. It also happens when you construct thoughts based on emotions. It also leads the people to jump to conclusions without proof or evidence

A

Non-critical thinking

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2
Q

Involves a series of complex thoughts processes which allow you to make reasoned judgement, asses the way you think and solve problems effectively

A

Critical thinking

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3
Q

Level of thinking old and new

A
  • evaluation
  • synthesis
  • analysis
  • application
  • comprehension
  • knowledge

New:

  • creating
  • evaluating
  • analysing
  • applying
  • understanding
  • remembering
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4
Q

Level of thinking According to Benjamin Bloom in 1956:

A 
Knowledge
Comprehension 
Application 
Analysis
Synthesis 
Evaluation
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5
Q

These are considered as the Higher order thinking skills

A

Analysing
Evaluating
Creating

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6
Q

Reading Process:

A

Pre reading stage
Reading stage
Post reading stage

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7
Q

Drawing on your background knowledge by looking at the title. It also aims to induce the readers motivation to read and to activate their schema or background knowledge.

A

Pre reading stage

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8
Q

Activities done during pre writing stage

A 
Previewing 
Free writing 
Surveying 
Questioning 
Making assumptions
Identifying the purpose
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9
Q

You may reread the text until you fully understand its meaning

A

While reading stage

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10
Q

Specific skills include in while reading stage

A 
Getting the meaning of words using context clues
Predicting
Inferencing
Monitoring comprehension 
Annotating the text 
Reflecting
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11
Q

To check your understanding of the text

A

Post reading stage

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12
Q

Skills included in post reading stage

A 
Reflecting
Summarising 
Paraphrasing 
Drawing conclusion
Making graphic organizer 
Journal writing
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13
Q

Basic reading skills

A 
Rapid reading
Previewing
Literal reading
Inferential reading
Critical reading
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14
Q

Aims to locate specific information or main idea in a very short span of time

A

Rapid reading

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15
Q

Under rapid reading

A

Skimming
Locating the main idea
Scanning

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16
Q

Getting an overview of the paragraph and state its main idea.
It is to get the general idea by reading through the text quickly.
It usually done when reading magazines, newspapers and journals

A

Skimming

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17
Q

It involves identification of the central message of a reading solution

A

Locating main idea

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18
Q

A quick reading strategy which aims to get specific information from a given text

A

Scanning

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19
Q

A skill wherein a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information he finds relevant. It also allows readers to set the purpose and link the content of materials to their background knowledge

A

Previewing

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20
Q

Involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in printed materials

A

Literal reading

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21
Q

Under literal reading

A

Summarising

Paraphrasing

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22
Q

A reading skills that involves condensing the lengthy text into a shorter passage which is usually 15-20 percent of the source material

A

Summarising

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23
Q

Involves relating ideas from the original text.

A

Paraphrasing

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24
Q

Refers to the process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text. Also known as reading between the lines

A

Inferential reading

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25
Q

Is an idea drown from facts or details from text

A

Inference

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26
Q

Refers to the close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity and logic.

A

Critical reading

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27
Q

Types of reading

A

Developmental reading

Pleasure reading

Functional reading

Remedial reading

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28
Q

A systematic instruction which aims to develop the students reading skill

A

Developmental reading

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29
Q

A more passive type of reading that primarily aims to provide enjoyment and entertainment

A

Pleasure reading

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30
Q

Designed to help student learn basic functional reading ability

A

Functional reading

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31
Q

Aims to correct the effect-of poor teaching and poor learning

A

Remedial reading

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32
Q

Ways in selecting and organizing information

A

Brainstorming

Graphics organizer

Outline

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33
Q

The most popular tool in generating creative and rich ideas. It helps people to establish patterns of ideas, develop new ways of thinking, active background knowledge and avoid mental block

A

Brainstorming

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34
Q

Method in brainstorming

A

Creating an idea list

Making an idea map

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35
Q

Simply involves listing of ideas about a particular topic

A

Creating an idea list

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36
Q

A visual representation of ideas and their connection with one another.

A

Making an idea map

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37
Q

Are visual representation of concepts that help us structure information into organizational patter. They present essential information and connect these pieces of information into a coherent frameworks

A

Graphic organizers

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38
Q

Types of graphic organizers

A

Venn diagram

Network tree

Spider map

Problem solutions map

Timeline

Plot diagram

Series of event chain

Fishbone map

Cycle

Persuasion map

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39
Q

Used to shoe logical sequence of events

A

Series of event chain

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40
Q

Used to better understand the connection of complex phenomenon. It shows the factors that causes a specific event or problem as well as details of each causes

A

Fishbone map

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41
Q

Describes how a series of events interact to produce a set of results repeatedly

A

Cycle

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42
Q

Is used to map out arguments, and evidence to prove a viewpoint. This map is especially useful when processing persuasive or argumentative text

A

Persuasion map

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43
Q

Used to compare and contrast ideas and events.

A

Venn diagram

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44
Q

Used to represent hierarchy, classification and branching. It is useful in showing relationship of scientific categories, family trees and even lineages

A

Network tree

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45
Q

Also known as semantic map.

Used to investigate and enumerate various aspects of central idea which could be a concept, topic or theme

A

Spider map

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46
Q

Displays the nature of the problem and how it can be solved.

This map usually contains the problem description, its causes and effects and logical solutions

A

Problem solution map

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47
Q

Used to show how events occured chronologically through a long bar labelled with dates and specific events can be a linear(how event happened in one period) or comparative (two set of events within same period)

A

Timeline

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48
Q

A tool used to map events in a story. It is used to analyze the major parts of the plot

A

Plot diagram

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49
Q

Is the initial part where the characters settings and relationship are established

A

Exposition

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50
Q

The part which brings about the change or the conflict

A

Inciting moment

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51
Q

The section where the conflict and the characters are developed

A

Rising action

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52
Q

The highest point of the story where the major events are confronted

A

Climax

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53
Q

The event immediately following the climax which lead to the closure of the conflict

A

Falling action

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54
Q

The conclusion or the closure of the story

A

Resolution

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55
Q

A tool for organizing ideas

A

Outline

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56
Q

2 kinds of outline

A

Decimal outline

Alphanumeric outline

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57
Q

Principles in writing an outline

A

Coordination

Subordination

Division

Parallel construction

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58
Q

Requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the same way

A

Coordination

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59
Q

Shows that minor details have to be placed under their respective major details

A

Subordination

60
Q

Requires that no cluster should contain only one item

A

Division

61
Q

Requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and format

A

Parallel construction

62
Q

Kinds of outline according to structure

A

Topic outline

Sentenced outline

63
Q

An outline that uses words and phrases as its entries

A

Topic outline

64
Q

A kind of outline that Uses complete sentence as its entries. It is used when the topic being discussed is complicated and requires details

A

Sentenced outline

65
Q

The logical arrangement of ideas

A

Patterns of development

66
Q

Patterns of development

A

Definition

Exemplification

Description(sensory or spatial)

Chronology/procedure

Listing

Comparison/contrast

Classification and division

Cause and effect

Problem solution

Persuasion

67
Q

Helps to clarify and explains concepts by answering the question what does it mean?

A

Definition

68
Q

It presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea

A

Exemplification

69
Q

A descriptive pattern basically provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern

A

Description (sensory or spatial)

70
Q

Organizes ideas or events according to time. It can either be in the form of narration or a process

A

Chronology or procedure

71
Q

Organizes ideas or enumeration

A

Listing

72
Q

Organizes ideas based on how events places people things and concepts are similar to or different from one another

A

Comparison contrast

73
Q

This pattern can be used on the cause the reason and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon

A

Cause and effect

74
Q

Organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions

A

Problem solution

75
Q

Organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument. Specifically this pattern presents the issue the position and the supporting evidence that supports the position

A

Persuasion

76
Q

3 types of claims

A

Claim of facts
Claim of policy
Claim of value

77
Q

This claim is an argument about a quantible topic

A

Claim of fact

78
Q

A claim that argues whether something is good or bad

A

Claim of value

79
Q

A claim is an argument which asserts the implementation of a certain policy

A

Claim of policy

80
Q

Are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument

A

Logical fallacies

81
Q

Occurs when an arguer present his argument as one of only two points despite the presence of multiple possibilities

A

False dilemma

82
Q

Occurs when something is instantly concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be false and vice versa

A

Appeal to ignorance

83
Q

Occurs when a series increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is drawn

A

Slippery slope

84
Q

Occurs when 2 or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to either accept or reject both at the same time when one point may be satisfactory while the other is not

A

Complex question

85
Q

Occurs when a threat instead of reasoning is used to argue

A

Appeal to force

86
Q

Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning

A

Appeal to pity

87
Q

Occurs when an unpleasant consequences of believing something are pointed out to show that the belief is false

A

Appeal to consequences

88
Q

Occurs when an argument quotes an expert who is not qualified in the particular subject matter

A

Appeal to authoriy

89
Q

The authority in question is not mentioned or named

A

Anonymous authority

90
Q

Occurs when a writer assumes that 2 concepts that are similar in some ways are also similar in other ways

A

False analogy

91
Q

Occurs when a general rule is applied to a situation even when it should be an exception

A

Accident

92
Q

Occurs when the arguer claims that since event A happened before event B, A is the cause of B

A

Post hoc

93
Q

Occurs when the direction between cause and effect is reversed

A

Wrong direction

94
Q

Occurs when the explanation for an event is reduced to one thing when there are other factors which also contributed to the event

A

Complex cause

95
Q

Occurs when an argument which is supposed to prove something concludes something else Instead

A

Irrelevant conclusion

96
Q

Occurs when the position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute

A

Straw man

97
Q

Any argument of the form if A is a true then B is true if B is true then A is true

A

Affirming to consequent

98
Q

Any argument of the form if A is true then B is true if A is not true then be is not true

A

Denying the antecedent

99
Q

Occurs when arguments contradict one another

A

Inconsistency

100
Q

A group of interrelated sentences that talk about one main idea

A

Paragraph

101
Q

A group of paragraph that talk about one central idea.

A

Essay

102
Q

3 major parts of paragraph

A

Topic sentence

Supporting details

Closing sentence

103
Q

Central idea of the paragraph

A

Topic sentence

104
Q

Sentence that clearly and prove the main idea

A

Supporting details

105
Q

Concludes the details that have been presented

A

Closing sentences

106
Q

Transitional devices pronouns etc.

A

Cohesive devices

107
Q

3 general parts of an essay

A

Introduction

Transitional paragraph

Body

Conclusion

108
Q

A lead or attention getter is the first statement in the essay which aims to hook the readers attention

A

Introduction

109
Q

The sentence that links the lead to the thesis statement

A

Transitional statement

110
Q

It states the main idea or argument of the essay

A

Thesis statement

111
Q

A paragraph that does not directly provide support to a thesis statement. Its major function is to bridge one paragraph to another

A

Transitional paragraph

112
Q

It is the meat of the essay. It discusses the thesis statement in detail through its paragraph. This is where the topic develop

A

Body

113
Q

The concluding paragraphs begins with the restatement of the thesis statement using a different structure and wording to uphold the language style. This is followed by transitional statement that talks about recommendation benefits of ideas presented or purpose of writing essay.

A

Conclusion

114
Q

Is used to wrap up the essay

A

Closing statement

115
Q

Properties of a well written text

A

Unity

Coherence and cohesion

Organization

Language use

116
Q

It is achieved when is a composition contains one focused idea

A

Unity

117
Q

The connection of ideas at the sentence level

A

Cohesion

118
Q

Occurs when ideas are connected at the conceptual or idea level. It can be seen through well defined arguments and organized points

A

Coherence

119
Q

It is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged.

A

Organization

120
Q

Is one of the clearest indication of a well written text

A

Language use

121
Q

Principles in writing

A

Use clear and concise sentences

Avoid redundancies, wordiness, and high faulting language

Use precise vocabulary

Avoid sexist language

Use the appropriate level of formality

122
Q

The technical aspects of writing

A

Mechanics

123
Q

Is the central idea of a multiple paragraph composition. Is a one sentence summary that guide controls and unifies ideas when writing a paper

A

Thesis statement

124
Q

How to write an effective thesis statement

A

It should not state an absolute fact

It should not be too narrow nor broad

Avoid an awkward thesis statement

125
Q

It guides controls and unifies ideas in a paragraph. It develops one argument of thesis statement. It can be EXPLICITY (it can be place in four different locations) or IMPLICITY (is not directly seen in a paragraph. It is up to the reader to deduce what the topic sentence is)

A

Topic sentence

126
Q

Tips in writing an effective topic sentence

A

It should follow the basics that have been discussed in Thesis Statement

It should vary on the structure across paragraphs

It should contain one detail which is related to one of the details in Thesis statement

If the composition is just one paragraph, the topic sentence should be straight forward

127
Q

These details are pieces of information necessary to better understand the main idea

A

Supporting details

128
Q

The writing process

A

Preparation

Modelling

Generating ideas

Focusing in a topic

Organizing ideas

Drafting

Feedback

Revising

Editing

Publishing

129
Q

During this stage you have to establish first your purpose

A

Preparation

130
Q

Is the process by which you the writer look at different works which are similar in nature with the paper you are about to write

A

Modelling

131
Q

To come up with ideas you can do any of these prewriting activities brainstorming, free writing and clustering

A

Generating ideas

132
Q

At this stage you need to focus on the content and organization not on the grammar and mechanics

A

Drafting

133
Q

Is an important component of the writing process. It is a response to the written word which focuses in all aspects of writing

A

Feedback

134
Q

Is the act of improving the original paper by applying changes based on the feedback

A

Revising

135
Q

The finishing stage of writing

A

Editing

136
Q

After exerting effort in writing a good paper you have to showcase your work to other people

A

Publishing

137
Q

Components of academic and professional writing

A

Context

Message

Language

Purpose

Audience

Product

138
Q

Refers to the situation where professional writing performed

A

Context

139
Q

Refers to the content of document. It includes the main topic and the details that support it

A

Message

140
Q

Refers to the channel used to convey the message

A

Language

141
Q

Is the reason or motion that you have when communicating

A

Purpose

142
Q

Is the receiver of the message

A

Audience

143
Q

Refers to the output that you intended to produce after considering all the components

A

Product

144
Q

Is a type of writing produced by a student in academic setting

A

Academic writng

145
Q

General tip in writing academic writing

A

Follow the basic in writing process

Avoid using imperative tone

Use quotation sparingly

Be consistent with the type of english used

Plan wisely

146
Q

Any type of written communications done specifically in a professional context

A

Professional writing

147
Q

General tips in writing professional writing

A

Follow the basic of writing process

Anticipate the readers beliefs values and motivations in writing persuasive document

Avoid excessive font effects

Be consistent with the type of english used

Adjust your language based on your relationship with the receiver of the document

Reading And Writing (1 decks)

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