4

Question 1

Psyche

Answer 1

Soul or mind

Question 2

Upon being established as a scientific discipline in
1879, psychology is now considered as

Answer 2

The study of human behavior and mental processes

Question 3

Psychology, as a science,

Answer 3

> is concerned with how we
develop our sense of self over the course of its development
It also recognizes the different forces that help us
shape how we see, think and feel about ourselves.

Question 4

Psychodynamic Perspectives

Answer 4

past experiences, unconscious

Question 5

Behaviorist Perspective

Answer 5

Environment, responses

Question 6

each person is unique, self-actualization

Answer 6

Humanistic Perspective

Question 7

Cognitive Perspectives

Answer 7

Mental functions

Question 8

Biological Perspectives

Answer 8

genetic factors, brain, hormones

Question 9

Evolutionary Perspectives

Answer 9

Adaptation to evolutionary changes

Question 10

An American Philosopher and Psychologist
• The self is “the sum total of all that he can call his”

Answer 10

William James

Question 11

I-self according to William James

Answer 11

> Pure ego
The self that knows who he
or she is

Question 12

Me self according to William James

Answer 12

> Empirical Self
Person’s personal
experiences: material self,
social self, and spiritual self

Question 13

Three constituents of the Me-self

Answer 13

Material, Social and Spiritual Self

Question 14

> All possessions that we call
“ours” or “mine”.
→Objects that bring intense
emotional feeling

Answer 14

Material Self

Question 15

> Reputation in society
→How a person acts in social situations. We may also
have several _____ selves.
→James suggest that our need to be regarded favorably by
other people is an inherent part of human nature.

Answer 15

Social Self

Question 16

The most intimate and important part of the self that
includes the person’s purpose, motives, emotions,
values, conscience, and moral behavior.

Answer 16

Spiritual Self

Question 17

James believed that the path to understanding the
spiritual self is through _______.

Answer 17

introspection

Question 18

→the child describes the “self” in terms of concrete and observable
characteristics.

Answer 18

Early Childhood

Question 19

the self is described in terms of trait-like constructs.

Answer 19

Middle to Later Childhood
(9-11 yrs)

Question 20

the emergence of more abstract self-definition such as:
Inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and motives
→ the ability to construct higher-order abstractions and
the capacity for introspection

Answer 20

Adolescence (15-19)

Question 21

the characteristic of “self” is having a vision of
a “possible self”.
→ the “age of possibilities”

Answer 21

Emerging adults

Question 22

was found to be a time of
“grand dreams,” of being wealthy and having a glamorous
occupation

Answer 22

Early emerging adults (17-22)

Question 23

visions of
a possible self became more realistic, if still optimistic.

Answer 23

Beyond emerging adults (18-22)

Question 24

Another aspect of self-understanding is self-concept

Answer 24

Carl Rogers

Question 25

is defined as the aspects of the self that
are perceived in the awareness by the individual
(Carl Rogers)

Answer 25

Self-concept

Question 26

According to Rogers, human beings are always
striving for

Answer 26

Self-actualization

Question 27

Carl Rogers
Real Self:
Ideal Self:

Answer 27

> One’s perception of actual characteristics,
traits, and abilities.
What one should or would like to be.

Question 28

a psychologist known for his social cognitive
theory. This theory asserts that human behavior can be
learned not only through one’s experiences but also through
the experiences of other people

Answer 28

Albert Bandura

Question 29

the belief that he or she can take on a certain
task successfully.

Answer 29

Self-efficacy

Question 30

is one who does
not live life passively but one who acknowledge
his or her capacity to shape one’s life

Answer 30

Agentic and Proactive self