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Question 1

caused by the sudden and rapid movement of large volumes of rock along fractures on the surface of the earth called

Answer 1

Faults

Question 2

The outermost shell of the earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, consists of

Answer 2

Tectonic plates

Question 3

There are two types of seismic waves:

Answer 3

Body waves
Surface waves

Question 4

are seismic waves that travel through the interior of the earth.

Answer 4

Body waves

Question 5

are the first waves that reach the surface of the earth and make the ground shake. They move the ground back and forth along the direction they are traveling.

Answer 5

Primary waves

Question 6

are body waves that vibrate perpendicular to their propagation direction, producing an up and down motion. They move slower but shake the ground more strongly than P waves.

Answer 6

Secondary waves

Question 7

are waves that are trapped near the surface

Answer 7

Surface waves

Question 8

are surface waves that have a horizontal motion perpendicular to the direction they are traveling.

Answer 8

Love waves

Question 9

the ground in a rotational manner with no transverse motion.

Answer 9

Rayleigh waves

Question 10

is the number of times a movement such as ground shaking is repeated within a certain amount of time. High frequency earthquakes affect small buildings more than the high rise ones.

Answer 10

Frequency

Question 11

is the primary cause of earthquake damage to man-made structures.

Answer 11

Groundshaking

Question 12

is a secondary hazard if the shaking sufficiently damages electric and gas lines.

Answer 12

Fire

Question 13

Ground shaking also triggers other earthquake hazards such as

Answer 13

Landslides liquefaction

Question 14

a set of rules that set standards on the construction of buildings. If properly implemented, it can ensure that buildings are constructed properly, can survive an earthquake with minimal damage, and therefore, not endanger the occupants. Earthquake-resistant buildings are by no means immune to earthquakes, but will sustain less damage than their conventional counterparts.

Answer 14

Building code

Question 15

is the visible breaking and displacement of the Earth’s surface along the trace of a fault.

Answer 15

Ground rupture

Question 16

faults are vertical or near-vertical faults that displace rock horizontally.

Answer 16

Strike slip

Question 17

If the block opposite you when looking across a fault moves to the left, it is a

Answer 17

Sinistral

Question 18

If the block moves to the right

Answer 18

Its dextral

Question 19

cause vertical (normal or reverse) movement.

Answer 19

Dip slip faults

Question 20

cause lateral (dextral or sinistral) movement.

Answer 20

Strike slip faults

Question 21

There are cases wherein water rising from the ground as the ground shakes.

Answer 21

Liquefaction

Question 22

Mass wasting, more commonly known as a

Answer 22

Landslide

Question 23

These waves initially have a small height but grow as they move through shallower depths, a process called

Answer 23

Wave shoaling

Question 24

affect a wide geographical area, typically within 1,000 km or 1-3 hours of the wave travel time.

Answer 24

Regional tsunami

Question 25

is a molten rock or magma that has reached the surface of the earth

Answer 25

Lava

Question 26

occurs when magma contacts the surface of a volcano and erupts or overflows downhill from different volcanic openings.

Answer 26

Lava flow

Question 27

Lava flows can be

Answer 27

Fluid or vicous

Question 28

Lava with low silica content

Answer 28

Fluid

Question 29

High silica content

Answer 29

Viscous

Question 30

Lava flows comes in two types

Answer 30

Pahoehoe and Aa

Question 31

lava flow that has high fluidity creating a smooth and ropy texture when they harden. As this type of lava cools, transitions into an Aa.

Answer 31

Pahoehoe

Question 32

Has a blocky and hagged texture

Answer 32

Aa

Question 33

Recognizable volcano in the wolrd that produces lava flow

Answer 33

Kilauea volcano

Question 34

Volcanic gases are composed of different materials depending on its location.

Answer 34

Water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) typically make up the bulk composition of volcanic gases, followed by sulfur dioxide (SO2). Other common volcanic gases include hydrogen chloride (HCl), and hydrogen fluoride (HF).

Question 35

are hot, dry, turbulent mass mixtures of different pyroclastic materials and gases that move downwards along the slope of a volcano at speed that can go up to several hundred meters per second

Answer 35

Pyroclastic flow

Question 36

is a collective term for volcanic fragments that have been ejected out of a volcano which vary in sizes from ash to boulders.

Answer 36

Tephra

Question 37

Pyroclastic flows are composed of two parts:

Answer 37

A basal and a turbulent

Question 38

flow of coarse pyroclastic materials

Answer 38

Basal

Question 39

ash cloud riding over the basal flow

Answer 39

Turbulent

Question 40

When the turbulent ash cloud separates from the main pyroclastic flow, they are separately called the

Answer 40

Pyroclastic surge

Question 41

Pyroclastic flows occur in different ways. The most notable type is called the

Answer 41

Soufriere type

Question 42

This forms from the collapse of a high vertical column coming from a highly explosive eruption. When the force of gravity overcomes the momentum of the upward thrust of the eruption, the pyroclastic materials begin to fall creating a pyroclastic flow along the sides of the volcano.

Answer 42

Soufriere type

Question 43

occurs when a highly viscous lava dome blocks the opening of a volcano, building pressure until it can no longer be contained and explodes to one side of the volcano without forming a high eruption column.

Answer 43

Pelee type

Question 44

on the other hand, occurs when a lava dome grows too steep over a volcanic crater which then falls due to gravitational force

Answer 44

Merapi type