ტესტები 4 Flashcards
(209 cards)
What is the primary cause of chronic pyelonephritis?
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) that cause scarring and damage to the kidneys.
Conn syndrome
Excess aldosterone production → Causes high blood pressure and low potassium.
What hormone is overproduced in Conn syndrome?
Aldosterone
What is the main symptom of Conn syndrome?
Hypertension
What electrolyte imbalance is associated with Conn syndrome?
Hypokalemia (low potassium).
What are common treatments for Conn syndrome?
Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) or surgery.
What are the common symptoms of kidney tuberculosis?
Hematuria, pyuria, flank pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
What causes the formation of nodules in Polyarteritis Nodosa?
Chronic inflammation of the arterial walls, leading to fibrosis and thickening.
What is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in kidney amyloidosis?
Proteinuria due to amyloid deposits in the kidneys.
What test confirms amyloid deposits in the kidneys?
Congo red staining (shows apple-green birefringence).
What is the most common cause of Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis?
Streptococcal infections (such as strep throat or skin infections).
What laboratory finding is commonly seen in Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis?
Low C3 complement levels
იხარჯება ც3 დიდი რაოდენობით
Alport Syndrome
Genetic defect in Type IV collagen → Basement membrane dysfunction
Wilms’ Tumor also called
Nephroblastoma
What is Wilms’ tumor?
Most common kidney cancer in children, caused by mutations in WT1 or WT2 genes.
At what age does Wilms’ tumor most commonly occur?
✅Between ages 2–5 years.
What is the most common symptom of Wilms’ tumor?
Painless abdominal mass.
როგორი ჰემატურია ახასიათებს მემბრანულ გლომერულონეფრიტს?
მააააააკროოჰემატურია
minimal change Disease (მინიმალური ცვლილებების გლომერულონეფრიტი) ცილასთან დაკავშორებით…
“Minimal Change, Maximum Protein Loss!”
What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Minimal Change Disease (MCD).
Why is Minimal Change Disease called “minimal change”?
Because it appears normal under light microscopy (H&E staining), but electron microscopy shows podocyte damage.
What is Berger’s Disease
kidney disorder caused by the deposition of IgA (immunoglobulin A) in the glomeruli, leading to glomerulonephritis
Pernicious Anemia =
B12 Deficiency with Big Red Blood Cells
Pernicious
Progressive (neurological damage).