4

Question 1

toxicity studies provide indications of:

(4)

Answer 1

appropriate dose range
probable adverse effect
target organ or system
special toxicity

Question 2

the knowledge of toxicity of xenobiotics to humans is derived by what 3 methods?

Answer 2

clinical investigations
epidemiological studies
adverse reactions

Question 3

median lethal dose must specify:

Answer 3

species
route of exposure
dose per kg body weight

Question 4

what is the no observable adverse effect limit (NOAEL) ?

Answer 4

highest dose at which no adverse effect is observed

Question 5

what is the lowest observable adverse effect limit (LOAEL)?

Answer 5

lowest dose at which adverse effects are observed

Question 6

examples of other toxicity tests:

Answer 6

carcinogenicity
dermal -
ocular -
neuro-
reproductive -
developmental -
genetic -

Question 7

why do we perform testing on animals?

Answer 7

animal testing generates histopathological, clinical and biochemical data

Question 8

what is the AMES test?

Answer 8

a reverse mutation assay
assesses the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds
relies on the ability of carcinogenic substances to reverse the inability of bacterium strain to produce histidine

Question 9

what is “in vitro”?

Answer 9

studies take place in controlled environment, outside of living organism
e.g. Petri dish or test tube

Question 10

what is “in vivo”?

Answer 10

studies involve experimentation of living organisms
e.g. animals or humans