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Section 4-2 > 4-2 > Flashcards

4-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is engine ground running?

A

Running aero-engines without flying the aircraft.

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2
Q

Why is engine ground running important in aviation maintenance?

A

It allows for testing on the ground, reducing risk to life.

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3
Q

What must be followed during aero-engine and APU ground running?

A

Appropriate procedures in relevant technical information and Local Orders.

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4
Q

Who is responsible for briefing the ground running team?

A

The ground running supervisor.

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5
Q

What are the typical roles in a ground running team?

A
  • Supervisor
  • Operator
  • Safety Person
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6
Q

In helicopter ground running, who typically acts as the operator?

A

The pilot.

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7
Q

What condition may require a helicopter to lift off during a ground run?

A

Ground Resonance.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: Ground running is a vital aspect of aviation maintenance as it allows for a great range of _______.

A

[testing]

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9
Q

True or False: Ground running can only be performed in flight.

A

False.

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10
Q

What is the minimum composition of a ground running team?

A
  • Supervisor
  • Operator
  • Safety Person
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What poses a danger to the crew and maintenance personnel once installed into the airframe?

A

The engine along with the rotors

These components create several danger zones around the helicopter.

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13
Q

What is the ideal position to enter and leave the rotor disc?

A

12 - 2 o’clock

This position minimizes risk when approaching the helicopter.

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14
Q

What signal must be given before entering or leaving the rotor disc?

A

The thumbs up signal

This signal indicates it is safe to approach.

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15
Q

What should you never do while the rotors are running up or slowing down?

A

Enter the rotor disc

This is crucial for safety.

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16
Q

At what rotor RPM and conditions can blade sailing occur?

A

Low rotor RPM and gusty wind conditions

This can cause blades to drop suddenly.

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17
Q

Why is the tail rotor considered extremely dangerous?

A

It is smaller and rotates at a much higher RPM than the main rotor

Additionally, it is generally mounted at head height.

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18
Q

What should you never do near or around the tail rotor?

A

Walk near or around it

This is a strict safety rule.

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19
Q

What effect do running engines have on air at the engine air intakes?

A

They create a large depression resulting in high air velocities

This can pose additional dangers.

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20
Q

What are the hazards associated with engine exhaust?

A

Exhaust gases are extremely hot and poisonous

Contact with exhaust gases can cause burns.

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21
Q

What do the shaded areas in the relevant aircraft documentation indicate?

A

The most dangerous areas when the engines are in operation

These areas must always be noted for safety.

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22
Q

What should be done in case of emergencies before or after the engine has achieved self-sustaining RPM?

A

Follow the relevant technical manual instructions for that engine or aircraft installation.

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23
Q

What is the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?

A

A uniform reference for temperature and pressure established by the International Civil Aviation Organisation.

24
Q

What conditions define the ISA at sea level?

A

Temperature of +15°C and barometric pressure of 1013.25 millibars at 45 degrees latitude with zero humidity.

25
Why is it necessary to adjust engine performance results for O.A.T. and local air pressure?
To enable comparison of similar engines and ensure power outputs are within tolerances.
26
What must be done to engine performance ground run results?
Correct them to reflect results as if tested on an ISA day.
27
What is the first step in carrying out ISA correction?
Obtain the data that needs to be corrected and the ambient conditions during the run.
28
How has the process for carrying out ISA correction evolved with aircraft?
Older generations use a chart or graph found in the maintenance manual.
29
What is used to correct observed data into its ISA corrected equivalent?
A chart provided by the engine manufacturer.
30
How is the corrected figure obtained from the chart?
Plot the figures, draw a line to intersect with the ISA reference line, and read the corrected figure.
31
32
What is more common today for calculations in aircraft systems?
Using a scientific calculator or a computer ## Footnote This method is noted for being more accurate than plotting lines on a chart.
33
What capability do some of the latest generations of aircraft systems have?
Make ISA corrections using on-board computers ## Footnote This capability can extend into analyzing data and displaying results on aircraft instruments.
34
What must be done after making ISA corrections to observed data?
Compare it against a datum ## Footnote The comparison method depends on the engine type.
35
What are the two ways ISA corrected figures can be compared?
* Compared against a set of 'nominal' figures for all engines of that type * Compared against manufacturer-established figures for that particular engine ## Footnote This distinction is important for accurate performance assessment.
36
37
What is Placard Data?
Reference data for engine performance recorded during tests ## Footnote Placard Data is determined on an engine test bed or installed ground run and is used for future performance evaluations.
38
Where is Placard Data recorded?
* Engine log book * F700 for the aircraft * Printed tape next to the cockpit gauge ## Footnote These records help in tracking the engine's performance over time.
39
What does Placard Data provide to pilots?
A set of 'minimums' performance figures for take-off ## Footnote Pilots must correct these figures based on current atmospheric conditions.
40
How do engineers use Placard Data?
As a datum for comparing future performance runs ## Footnote Deviations from Placard Data can indicate wear or deterioration in the engine.
41
What issue can low air temperature present for engines?
Engines may approach operating limitations ## Footnote This poses a challenge for engine designers to avoid overstressing the engine.
42
What approach did designers of older engines take to handle low temperatures?
Built in safety margins ## Footnote This approach reduced engine performance under optimal conditions.
43
How do FADEC systems improve engine performance?
By adjusting fuel systems based on air temperature and pressure data ## Footnote This allows modern engines to operate with reduced safety margins and greater performance.
44
What does 'Flat Rating' mean?
Limiting engine power output to avoid exceeding temperature, rpm, or pressure limits ## Footnote It allows engines to perform at ISA conditions without using their full power potential.
45
What conditions are turbine engines specified for?
International Standard Atmospheric (ISA) conditions ## Footnote ISA conditions are defined as 15°C air temperature at 1013.25 millibars pressure.
46
What happens to engine power output at higher temperatures or elevations?
It produces less power due to less dense air and compromised turbine cooling ## Footnote This loss of power necessitates the need for Flat Rating.
47
What must operators be careful about during ground testing?
Not to exceed temperature, rpm, or pressure limits ## Footnote Exceeding these limits can jeopardize engine performance and safety.
48
What is MoD Form 730 (MIG)?
One to accompany each sample bottle ## Footnote This form is used in the context of sample collection for analysis.
49
What is MoD Form 730C?
Self-adhesive label to be attached to each sample bottle ## Footnote This label is used for identifying sample bottles.
50
When should samples be taken after shutdown?
Within 30 minutes of shut down after a running time of at least 15 minutes ## Footnote This timing is crucial to ensure that metal particles remain in suspension.
51
What cleanliness measures must be observed during sampling?
Strict cleanliness is to be observed and on no account may an intermediate container be used ## Footnote This is to prevent contamination of the sample.
52
How full should the sample bottle be?
At least half full ## Footnote Adequate volume is necessary for accurate analysis.
53
What is mandatory to read before performing Spectrometric Oil Analysis?
COSHH and SDS (Safety Data Sheets) ## Footnote These documents provide essential safety information regarding the handling of dangerous fluids.
54
What are the two methods for sampling mentioned?
* Dip Tube * Sample through magnetic probe ## Footnote These methods help ensure accurate sampling from gas turbine engines.
55

Section 4-2 (1 decks)

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