4-3

Question 1

weathering

Answer 1

The breakdown of rocks into smaller particles called sediments

Question 2

differnt kinds of physical weathering

Answer 2

Frost wedging, abrasion, Root action, exfoliation

Question 3

frost wedging

Answer 3

Repeated freezing
And thawing of
Water in the cracks or rocks (pot holes)

Question 4

abrasion

Answer 4

Bumping and rubbing of rocks as they Collide. Rocks become smaller, smoother
rounder (pebbles forming near water)

Question 5

root action

Answer 5

Roots grow into and under
Rocks. Roots pry the rook apart (cracks in concrete)

Question 6

exfoliation

Answer 6

Granite at the surface under less pressure
Expands and breaks

Question 7

chemical weathering

Answer 7

A change in the rock that forms a new compound

Occurs on the surface of rock materials

Question 8

kinds of chemical weathering

Answer 8

oxidation, carbonation, hydration

Question 9

oxidation

Answer 9

Iron atoms combine
With oxygen to form
Ironoxide (rust)

Question 10

carbonation

Answer 10

Acid dissolves rocks
Containing the
Imeral calcite (Limestone bedrook dissolves
When its in contact with acid groundwater
Forming caves and sinkholes)

Question 11

hydration

Answer 11

Water weakness
Some minerals in rocks
(Feldspar becomes
Clay after
Long exposure to
water)

Question 12

soil

Answer 12

The mixture of weathered rocks and biological activity over long periods of time

Question 13

layers of soil

Answer 13

Dark brown to black soil with high organic content

Tan to orange soil with high clay content, some rock fragments

Light gray to black soil, coarse rock fragments

Question 14

Residual soil

Answer 14

Soil that has not been eroded (transported)

Similar mineral content in soil and parent bedrock

Question 15

transported soil

Answer 15

Soil that have been eroded and deposited in a new area

Made of completely different material than underlying bedrock

Typical soils of new York due to past glaciation

Question 16

streams

Answer 16

Any body of water with a current (brooks,creeks,rivers)

- Moving water is the most erosive force on earth
- Always flows downhill

Question 17

tributary river system

Answer 17

A system that flows into a larger system

Question 18

watershed river system

Answer 18

The geogrpahic area drained by a particular river or stream

Question 19

Dendritic (drainage system)

Answer 19

Most common stream pattern, Found on flat surfaces
Looks like tree branches

Question 20

Radial (drainage system)

Answer 20

Forms on a volcano or mountain top, Looks like spokes on a wheel

Question 21

Annular (drainage system)

Answer 21

Occurs on an eroded dome, Circular pattern

Question 22

Rectangular (drainage system)

Answer 22

Occurs along folds and faults

(looks like parallel liens with lines going into each path)

Question 23

Solution (How sediments transported in a stream)

Answer 23

are dissolved (salt)

Question 24

Suspension (how sediments transported in a stream)

Answer 24

Sediments remained mixed in with the after for a long time

Question 25

Flotation (how sediments transported in a stream)

Answer 25

Sediments float on water

Question 26

traction (how sediments transported in a stream)

Answer 26

Sediments roll on the stream bed

Question 27

Ways sediments are transported in a stream

Answer 27

soultioun, suspension, flotation, traction

Question 28

stream gradient

Answer 28

Steepness of land stream flows down

Question 29

stream discharge

Answer 29

The volume of water flowing past a fixed point in a given period of time

Question 30

Velocity

Answer 30

As the water velocity slows down, sediments begin to settle out and deposition increases

Question 31

shape

Answer 31

Rounder particles settle faster than flatter

Question 32

size

Answer 32

Larger particles settle faster than smaller particles

Question 33

Density

Answer 33

Most dense particles settle faster than less dense particles

Question 34

Horizontal sorting

Answer 34

When a stream enters a large body of water, the velocity of the stream slows and the largest particles Settle out first at the mouth of the stream

Question 35

vertical sorting

Answer 35

Sorting of sediment from bottom to top in still water Largest, roundest, most dense particles settle out first and are on the bottom Often occurs after a major event (landslide, volcanic explosion, earthquakes, hurricanes)

Question 36

gradded bedding

Answer 36

A series of depositional events that occur at different times You can count the events by counting the beds

Question 37

Erosion

Answer 37

transportation of sediments

Question 38

agent of erosion

Answer 38

the force that moves sediments (gravity, water, wind, or ice)

Question 39

Deposition

Answer 39

release or settling of weathered rock material by water, wind, ice, gravity, and waves.

Question 40

Agent of Deposition

Answer 40

the force that drops sediments, usually when it slows down

Question 41

sorted sediments (how they're deposited)

Answer 41

when larger, more dense, rounder particles settle out first

Question 42

unsorted sediments (how they're deposited)

Answer 42

when sediments drop out in no particular order (all mixed up)

Question 43

Mass movement

Answer 43

Downhill movement of rock or sediment without being carried by wind, water, or ice. Caused directly by the force of GRAVITY

Question 44

sediment evidence

Answer 44

Sediments that were eroded by gravity are unsorted and angular

Question 45

How does wind deposit sediments?

Answer 45

Picks up small particles, such as sand, silt, and clay and carries them to different locations.

Question 46

wind abrasion

Answer 46

Rocks and sediments eroded by wind tend to have a frosted and pitted appearance

Question 47

ventifacts

Answer 47

wind-worn rocks that have flat surface

Question 48

Barrier islands

Answer 48

Long, narrow strips of sand forming islands that protect inland areas from ocean waves and storms (Jones Beach, Fire Island)