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Oral Biology 2020 > 4/4/17 Bone TEST #4 > Flashcards

4/4/17 Bone TEST #4 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What percent of bone is inorganic?

A

-67 %

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2
Q

What is the inorganic component of bone?

A
  • Hydroxyapatitie
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3
Q

In bone, hydroxyapatite is overlaid on what type of scaffold?

A

-Collagen I

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4
Q

What is the range of calcium homeostasis?

A

9-10 mg/dL

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5
Q

If you have high amounts of Ca2+ what hormone is released to lower the amounts of Ca2+ by taking it into bone and increasing Ca2+ excretion?

A

-Calcitonin

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6
Q

If you have low amounts of Ca2+ what hormone is released to raise the amounts of Ca2+?

A

-Parathyroid hormone

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7
Q

Parathyroid hormone acts on osteoblasts which act on what other bone cell?

A

-Osteoclasts

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8
Q

Some of the non-collagenous proteins in bone are a reservoir for what?

A

-Growth factors involved in tissue repair

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9
Q

T/F Bone contains hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cells in the marrow

A

True

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10
Q

Outer layer of bone is what type of bone?

A

-Compact (cortical) bone

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11
Q

The inner cavity of bone contains what?

A
  • Marrow

- Cancellous (trabecular) bone

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12
Q

T/F Bone is avascular

A

False

-Bone is highly vascular

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13
Q

What are the three organizational units found in compact bone?

A
  • Circumferential
  • Concentric (osteonic) lamellae
  • Interstitial lamellae
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14
Q

What organization unit in compact bone fills the space between concentric lamellae that were formally concentric lamellae?

A

-Interstitial lamellae

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15
Q

What organizational unit in compact bone is the intact bone of osteons around haversian canals?

A

-Concentric lamellae

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16
Q

What organization unit in compact bone is the outer ring of bone tissue?

A

-Circumferential

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17
Q

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

A

-Osteon

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18
Q

What forms cylinders running parallel to the long axis of a bone?

A

-Osteon

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19
Q

Osteons are formed from what?

A

-Concentric lamellae

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20
Q

What connects haversian canals?

A

Volkmann canals

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21
Q

Where do you find cancellous bone?

A
  • Ends of long bones

- Apposition to joints and associated with marrow spaces

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22
Q

What type of bone provides structural support for marrow tissues?

A

-Cancellous bone

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23
Q

What is the connective tissue layer attached to the outer surface of a bone by Sharpey’s fibers?

A

-Periosteum

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24
Q

What are the two layers of the periosteum?

A
  • Outer fibrous layer

- Inner layer

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25
Which layer of the periosteum is both highly cellular and vascularized?
-Inner layer
26
What is a loose connective tissue covering the inner surface of both cancellous and compact bone?
-Endosteum
27
What separates the marrow from the bone?
-Endosteum
28
What cell is a bone forming cell with a mesenchymal origin?
-Osteoblasts
29
What cells are considered bone cells with encapsulated osteoblasts?
-Osteocytes
30
Which cell in bone creak down bone tissue and are of hematopoietic origin?
-Osteoclasts
31
What are the origin of osteoclasts?
-Hematopoietic origin
32
What is the origin of osteoblasts?
-Mesenchymal origin
33
What bone cells are mononucleated cells which synthesize osteoid matrix?
-Osteoblasts
34
What is the origin of an osteocyte?
-Mesenchymal because it comes from osteoblasts
35
How do osteoblasts communicate with one another?
-Gap junctions
36
In the head where do osteoblasts originate from?
-Ectomesenchyme
37
What do osteoblasts produce?
-Osteoid matrix similar to odontoblasts
38
What bone cell secretes growth factors into osteoid matrix?
-Osteoblasts
39
When osteoblasts are embedded into the bone matrix what are they called?
-Osteocytes
40
What are osteocytes housed in?
-Lacunae
41
T/F Osteocytes can communicate with other osteocytes.
True
42
What do osteocytes have that interact with surrounding bone tissue to cause mechanotranduction and coordinates osteoblasts/osteoclast activity?
-Cellular processes
43
What type of bone cells are large multi-nucleated cells?
-Osteoclasts
44
What is the main function of osteoclasts?
-Resorption of bone
45
Osteoclasts are activated in what process?
-Inflammation (IL-1B, and TNF-alpha)
46
What is the key marker in osteoclasts?
-TRAP
47
Osteoclasts are attached to the surface via what?
-Integrin
48
What are the resorption pits formed via osteoclasts?
-Howship's Lacunae
49
What is the zone between the howship's lacunae and the intact bone?
-Lamina limitans
50
Enzymes plus H+ ions secreted from osteoclast do what?
-Break down bone
51
Parathyroid hormone acts on osteoblasts to express what factor?
-RANKL
52
What does RANKL on osteoblasts interact with?
-RANK on osteoclasts
53
When you have RANKL bind RANK what occurs?
-Activation of osteoclasts
54
Osteoprotegerin is produced by what?
-osteoblasts once bound to RANKL
55
Osteoprotegerin helps regulated what?
-Osteoclasts activity (puts the brakes on)
56
What type of bone formation is involved in long bones?
-Endochondral
57
The bones of the skull form from what type of bone formation?
-Intramembranous ossification
58
What type of bone formation occurs when you have condensation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes?
-Endochondral formation
59
When mineralized cartilage is broken down by chondroclasts it allows what to happen?
-Vasculature to penetrate
60
What are mixed spicules?
-Mineralized collagen surrounded by bone matrix
61
What is the first type of bone you get in intramembranous formation?
-Woven bone
62
After woven bone is remodeled it becomes what?
-Mature trabecular bone with a collar of cortical bone around it
63
Sutures are _____ connective tissue bands between paltes.
-Fibrous
64
What do sutures allow the skull to do as bone formation proceeds?
-Flex
65
Children turnover how much of their bone per year?
30-100%
66
Adults turnover how much of their bone per year?
5% of cortical bone | 15 % of trabecular
67
Most bone is formed where?
-Around the periosteum (outside)
68
Bone is mainly resorbed where?
Endosteum (inside)
69
In cortical bone primary osteons are replaced by what?
-Secondary osteons
70
When secondary osteons are replaced by tertiary osteons what occurs?
-Bone growth

Oral Biology 2020 (21 decks)

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