4: Acids/bases, Electrochem, Cells

Question 1

What happens in one decrease of pH

Answer 1

x10 concentration of (H3O)

Question 2

Physical properties of acids

Answer 2

Sour taste, turns blue litmus paper red

Question 3

Physical properties of bases

Answer 3

Bitter taste, slippery, turns red litmus paper blue

Question 4

Acid reactions

Answer 4

Reacts with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas
Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce CO2 gas

Question 5

Arrhenius acid

Answer 5

Any substance that produces H+ in water

Question 6

Arrhenius base

Answer 6

Any substance that produces OH- in water

Question 7

Brønsted-Lowry theory

Answer 7

Acids are proton (H+) donors, bases are proton acceptors

Question 8

Amphorteric

Answer 8

Can be an acid or a base, ex: water

Question 9

(H3O) = (OH)

Answer 9

Neutral solution

Question 10

(H3O) > (OH)

Answer 10

Acidic solution

Question 11

(H3O) < (OH)

Answer 11

Basic solution

Question 12

Strong electrolyte

Answer 12

Strong acids, strong bases, dissolved ionic salts
100% dissociation

Question 13

Weak electrolyte

Answer 13

Weak acids, weak bases
Not completely dissociated
Equilibrium arrows

Question 14

Strong acid = weak or strong conj. base?

Answer 14

Weak conj. base

Question 15

Is a stronger base/acid less or more conductive?

Answer 15

More conductive

Question 16

How do you find percent dissociation

Answer 16

(Ionized acid concentration / initial acid concentration) x 100

Question 17

What is usually a strong base?

Answer 17

A group 1 or 2 metal with an OH-

Question 18

What are the 6 strong acids

Answer 18

1. Perchloric acid: HClO4
2. Hydroiodic acid: HI
3. Hydrobromic acid: HBr
4. Hydrochloric acid: HCl
5. Sulfuric acid: H2SO4
6. Nitric acid: HNO3

Question 19

What are the two types of buffers

Answer 19

1. Acidic: a weak acid and a salt of its conj. base
2. Basic: a weak base and a salt of its conj. acid

Question 20

What is a buffer

Answer 20

Has the ability to resist changes to pH by adding small amounts of acid or base

Question 21

What is an oxided substance called

Answer 21

The reducing agent

Question 22

What is a reduced substance called

Answer 22

The oxidizing agent

Question 23

How to do REDOX in basic solution?

Answer 23

1. add OH- on both sides that is equal to the number of H+
2. form water and cancel out other water

Question 24

How do you find mols when given concentration and volume?

Answer 24

mols = MxV

Question 25

How to find pH when there is equimolar amounts of substances

Answer 25

pH = pKa

Question 26

What does pure water dissociate into

Answer 26

- Equal concentrations of H and OH (H) = √Kw

Question 27

Equations to find (H3O) or (OH)

Answer 27

[H3O+] = 10 ^ -pH [OH-] = 10 ^ -pOH

Question 28

L.E.O

Answer 28

oxidation, anode

Question 29

G.E.R

Answer 29

reduction, cathode

Question 30

More positive E0 value

Answer 30

More likely to be reduction

Question 31

More negative EO value

Answer 31

More likely to be oxidation, flip

Question 32

How to calculate cell potential

Answer 32

E0 cell = E0 cathode – E0 anode

Question 33

What is a galvanic cell

Answer 33

-Energy released by spontaneous (-G) redox reaction is converted to electrical energy -chemical energy to electrical energy -anode negative, cathode positive -electrons move from anode to cathode

Question 34

What is an electrolytic cell

Answer 34

-Electrical energy is used to drive nonspontaneous (+G) redox reaction -electrical energy to chemical energy -anode positive, cathode negative -electrons move from cathode to anode

Question 35

What does a negative EO cell mean?

Answer 35

Only the opposite reaction is spontaneous (-G)

Question 36

Assigning oxidation rules

Answer 36

- group 1 has +1, group 2 has +2 - flourine is always -1 - oxygen is -1 in peroxide - with a metal, hydrogen is -1 - groups 15, 16, 17 are -3, -2, -1

Question 37

Flow of anions/cations in a cell?

Answer 37

Anode attracts anion (-), cathode attracts cations (+)