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Simmons NURP 503 Exam 2 > 4: Adolescent Development > Flashcards

4: Adolescent Development Flashcards

1
Q

The psychological and emotional transition from childhood to adulthood.

A

Adolescence

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2
Q

During adolescence, physiologic growth and maturation equals the rapid development in _____.

A

Infancy

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3
Q

_____ changes are concurrent with significant cognitive and psychosocial development.

A

Physical

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4
Q

The developmental roots of lifetime issues are often found in adolescence. These can include what 4 things?

A
  1. Substance abuse
  2. Poor health habits
  3. Relationship difficulties
  4. Failure to develop critical life skills
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5
Q

What ages do these stages occur?
Early adolescence?
Middle adolescence?
Late adolescence?

A

Early 11-14
Middle 15-17
Late 18-21

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6
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?

Onset of puberty, growth spurt, menarche.

A

Early Adolescence

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7
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Concrete thought. Preoccupation with rapid body changes. Sexual identity. Questioning independence. Parental controls remain strong.

A

Early Adolescence

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8
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Search for same-sex peer affiliation. Good parental relationships. Other adults as role models. Transition to middle school. Involvement in extracurricular activities. Sensitivity to differences between home culture and others’ cultures.

A

Early Adolescence

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9
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Potential problems are delayed puberty, acne, orthopedic problems, school problems, psychosomatic concerns, depression, unintended pregnancy, initiation of drugs.

A

Early Adolescence

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10
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?

Ovulation. Growth spurts.

A

Middle Adolescence

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11
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Competence in abstract and future thought. Idealism. Sense of invincibility or narcissism. Sexual identity. Beginning of cognitive capacity to provide legal consent.

A

Middle Adolescence

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12
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Beginning emotional emancipation. Increased power of peer group. Conflicts over parental control. Interest in sexual relationships. Risk-taking behaviors. Reduced extra-curricular activities. Possible cultural conflict.

A

Middle Adolescence

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13
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Potential problems are experimentation with health risk behaviors (sex, drinking, drugs, smoking), menstrual disorders. unintended pregnancy, acne, short stature, conflicts with parents, overweight, physical inactivity, poor eating behaviors, eating disorders.

A

Middle Adolescence

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14
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?

Growth completed.

A

Late Adolescence

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15
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Future orientation. Emotional independence. Unmasking of psychiatric disorders. Capacity for empathy, intimacy, and reciprocity. Attainment of legal age for some, but not all, issues.

A

Late Adolescence

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16
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?
Individual over peer relationships. Transition in parent-child relationship. Transition out of home. May begin preparation for further education, career, marriage, parenting.

A

Late Adolescence

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17
Q

Is this early, middle or late adolescence?

Potential problems are eating disorders, depression, suicide, unintended pregnancy, acne, smoking, drugs, alcohol.

A

Late Adolescence

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18
Q

Adolescence is a developmental period of _____ and _____.

A

Strength

Resilience

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19
Q

Morbidity and mortality increase in adolescence. What are major sources of death and disability (3)?

A
  1. Personal choices.
  2. Risky behavior.
  3. Lack of control over behavior and emotions.
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20
Q

What are common dangers for adolescents (7)?

A
  1. Accidental/unintentional injury
  2. MVAs
  3. Homicide
  4. Suicide
  5. Depression
  6. Substance abuse
  7. Risky sexual behavior
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21
Q

Does puberty/fertility happen in childhood or adolescence?

A

Adolescence

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22
Q

This results in a dramatic change in body size and composition.

A

Puberty

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23
Q

How is pubertal development marked?

A

Tanner Stages

24
Q

Menarche occurs approximately _____ years after first pubescent changes.

A

2

25
Q

Average age of first menstruation in North America is _____.

A

12 years 9 months

26
Q

Breast buds appear between ages _____ and _____.

A

9 and 13.5

27
Q

First pubescent changes (testicular enlargement, thinning and reddening of scrotum) occur between ages _____ and _____.

A

9.5 and 14

28
Q

T/F Growth spurt accompanies sexual maturity.

A

False. It accompanies sexual maturation.

29
Q

_____ of total height is achieved during puberty.

A

20-25%

30
Q

What happens to the heart during puberty (2)?

A
  1. Size and strength of heart, blood volume, and systolic BP increase.
  2. Pulse rate decreases.
31
Q

What happens to the lungs during puberty?

A

Respiratory volume and vital capacity increase.

32
Q

What is Erikson’s 5th stage of psychosocial development and what are the ages?

A

Identity vs Role Confusion

12-18

33
Q

What happens during Erikson’s 5th stage, identity vs role confusion (6)?

A
  1. Develop sense of identity.
  2. Develop sex role identity.
  3. Gain sense of belonging in valued group.
  4. Acquire skills important to the valued group.
  5. Develop sense of worth.
  6. Build reliable relationships with others.
34
Q

What are the 3 principles of psychosocial change during adolescence?

A
  1. The transition is usually smooth.
  2. Disruptive family conflict is not the norm.
  3. Adolescents are able to think and reason d/t cognitive development.
35
Q

What is Piaget’s developmental stage during adolescence and what are the ages?

A

Formal Operational Stage. 12 - adulthood. Early adolescents can still be concrete operational from 11-14.

36
Q

What happens during Piaget’s formal operational stage (9)?

A
  1. Use abstract reasoning and propositional thinking.
  2. Reason using verbally stated hypotheses vs. manipulation.
  3. Think beyond the present.
  4. Mentally manipulate multiple variables.
  5. Concerned about others’ thoughts and needs.
  6. Consider and challenge values.
  7. Understand good, evil, and human nature.
  8. Understand contradictions.
  9. Understand the concept of time.
37
Q

How does morality develop during adolescence (4)?

A
  1. Develop internal set of moral principles.
  2. Question existing values.
  3. Understand the concept of justice.
  4. Understand duty and obligation.
38
Q

What is the general rule for communications with adolescents?

A

All communications are confidential unless risk of harm to self or others.

39
Q

To communicate with adolescents, certain subjects should be covered. What does HEADSS stand for?

A 
Home
Education/Employment
Activities
Drugs
Sexuality
Suicide
40
Q

What are developmental issues with adolescents (2)?

A
  1. Risky behaviors

2. Experimentation

41
Q

What factors increase risky behaviors in adolescents (8)?

A
  1. Poor academic performance
  2. Impulsivity
  3. ADD/ADHD
  4. Lack of role models
  5. Low self-esteem
  6. Poverty
  7. Abuse
  8. Lack of support
42
Q

What are protective factors for adolescents that help prevent issues (5)?

A
  1. High self-esteem
  2. Sense of future
  3. School achievement
  4. One key support person
  5. Parental support
43
Q

T/F Brain stops developing at birth.

A

False. Used to believe that. Now know significant development from 0-3. Continues through adolescence.

44
Q

95% of the brain’s architecture is set by _____ yo.

A

5-6

45
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Controls planning.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

46
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Controls working memory.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

47
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Controls executive functions.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

48
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Starts increasing just before puberty.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

49
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Rapidly produces neurons and connections and pruning early in life.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

50
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Undergoes second growth spurt before puberty.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

51
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Pruning (weeding out synapses) also occurs in adolescence.

A

Prefrontal Cortex

52
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Changes well into adolescence.

A

Cerebellum

53
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Aids with physical coordination.

A

Cerebellum

54
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Displays activity on FMRIs when brain is processing mental tasks.

A

Cerebellum

55
Q

Prefrontal cortex or cerebellum?

Has plasticity.

A

Cerebellum

56
Q

T/F The prefrontal cortex prunes synapses both early in life and during adolescence.

A

True

Simmons NURP 503 Exam 2 (17 decks)

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