4(b) Crude Oil

Question 1

Crude Oil

Answer 1

Mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

How is crude oil seperated?

Answer 2

Fractional Distillation seperates crude oil into fractions

Question 3

Trends in Fractionating Column (as yu go down the column)

Answer 3

Molecule size, temperature, viscocity, colour INCREASE

Volatility, flammability DECREASE

Question 4

Order of Fractionating Column

Answer 4

Rare Girl Katie Doesn’t Feed Bitches

Refinery Gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 5

Uses of Refinery Gases

Answer 5

Domestic Heating
Never condense (removed as vapour)

Question 6

Uses of Gasoline

Answer 6

Petrol for cars

Question 7

Uses of Kerosene

Answer 7

Fuel for aircrafts

Question 8

Uses of Diesel

Answer 8

Fuel for some cars

Question 9

Uses of Fuel Oil

Answer 9

Industrial oil

Question 10

Uses of Bitumen

Answer 10

Road Construction
(never reaches its boiling point -> drained off)

Question 11

How does a fractionating column work?

Answer 11

If a substance is above its boiling point, it will move up the column until the temp. lowers, where it will condense

Question 12

Fuel

Answer 12

A substance when burned releases energy

Question 13

Complete Combustion

Answer 13

In excess supply of oxygen

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 14

Incomplete Combustion

Answer 14

In restricted supply of oxygen

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Monoxide + Water + (carbon + carbon dioxide)

Question 15

What is carbon monoxide?

Answer 15

Poisonous, reduces capacity of blood to transport oxygen

Question 16

What happens in car engines?

Answer 16

Temperature are high enough for nitrogen and oxygen in air to react to form nitrogen oxides

Question 17

How is sulfur dioxide formed

Answer 17

Combustion of hydrocarbons containing impurities

Question 18

What do nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides contribute to?

Answer 18

Acid rain

Question 19

Cracking

Answer 19

When less useful hydrocarbons are cracked into useful hydrocarbons

Question 20

Process of Cracking

Answer 20

Long - chain alkanes -> short - chain alkanes + alkenes

Question 21

Conditions for Cracking

Answer 21

Catalyst: silica or alumina
Temperature: 600-700

Question 22

Why do oil companies carry out cracking?

Answer 22

Balance between supply and demand

To produce more petrol
To produce for alkenes for polymers (plastics)

Question 23

Why is cracking needed for supply + demand?

Answer 23

• Too many long chain alkanes which are not in demand/not profitable to sell
• Not enough short - chain alkanes that can be used for cars