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Roman History Hughes (Julio-Claudians) > 4) Caesar and Octavian > Flashcards

4) Caesar and Octavian Flashcards

1
Q

What was Julius Caesar to have?

A

His face on a coin while he was still alive

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2
Q

Why was Caesar the first to have his face put on a coin while he was still alive?

A

Because Romans believed only ancestors and gods could be pictured

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3
Q

What was Caesar doing by putting his face on a coin during his lifetime?

A

Equating himself with gods and Eastern kings

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4
Q

What did Caesar have himself appointed as?

A

Dictator-for-life

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5
Q

Who did Caesar use to govern and ignore the senate?

A
  • His friends
  • Freedmen
  • Slaves
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6
Q

What did Caesar wear as a dictator-for-life?

A

A purple toga, representing the god Jupiter

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7
Q

Who did Caesar team up with to defeat his enemies and take control of the republic?

A

Lepidus and Marc Anthony

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8
Q

Who did Octavian defeat?

A

Marc Anthony and Cleopatra

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9
Q

What did Octavian do about Lepidus?

A

Forced him into exile

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10
Q

Who was Octavian in relation to Caesar?

A

His nephew and adopted son

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11
Q

What kind of person was Octavian?

A

A shrewd politician

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12
Q

What happened to Rome after Caesar’s assassination?

A

It broke out into civil war

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13
Q

What did Octavian emerge as?

A

One of the most powerful Romans

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14
Q

Who was Anthony under Caesar?

A

Roman General

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15
Q

Who was Anthony?

A

Triumvir who ruled Rome’s eastern provinces

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16
Q

Who was Anthony’s lover?

A

Cleopatra

17
Q

Who was Lepidus?

A

Roman General and statesman

18
Q

Who was Lepidus in relation to Caesar?

A

Close ally

19
Q

What was Lepidus before the Roman empire?

A

Last pontifex maximus

20
Q

When did Octavian clear the political scene?

A

27 BC

21
Q

When was Caesar elected consul?

A
  • 48 BC
  • 46 BC
  • 45 BC
  • 44 BC
22
Q

Who was Caesar elected consul with?

A

Mark Antony

23
Q

What was the outcome of Caesar’s experimentation by having a consulship without a colleague?

A

It didn’t work

24
Q

What did occupying a magistrature do for repeated consulships

A

It made it impossible for other aristocrats to show their importance and created envy

25
Q

What was Caesar’s solution to aristocrats being envious and people’s feelings being hurt?

A

He accepted the powers of several magistratures without occupying them

26
Q

What could Caesar do when accepting powers of magistratures?

A

He could control the government without interfering with the careers of nobles

27
Q

What did Romans think of the new oligarchy?

A

They refused to resign themselves to it

28
Q

What couldn’t Augustus call himself?

A

Emperor

29
Q

Why couldn’t Augustus call himself Emperor?

A

The romans hated autocratic rulers

30
Q

Why did the romans hate autocratic rulers?

A

Due to events that happened in the late roman Kingdom

31
Q

What kind of people would especially hate if Augustus styled himself as a monarch?

A

Patricians and his political enemies would exploit this to gain power

32
Q

How did Augustus solve the problem of people hating him if he saw himself as an emperor?

A

He made it look like the senate had all the power when they didn’t

33
Q

How did years of civil war impact Rome?

A
  • Left Rome in ruins
  • Had a failing economy
  • Damaged infrastructure
  • Overpopulation
  • Poverty
  • Lack of sanitation
  • Roman legions bloated up
34
Q

How many legions were there when Augustus came to power?

A

60

35
Q

How did the 60 legions impact the Roman economy?

A

It put immense strain on it

36
Q

What did the Marian reforms make the legions do?

A

Become loyal to the general rather than the senate

37
Q

What did the legions being loyal to the general allow?

A

The civil war to happen

Roman History Hughes (Julio-Claudians) (6 decks)

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