4. Carbohydrates

Question 1

(4.1) What are carbohydrates called with 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms?

Answer 1

4= tetrose
5= pentose
6= hexose.

Question 2

(4.1) What do you call carbohydrates with a ketone group? With an aldehyde group?

Answer 2

Ketone Group= Ketose
Aldehyde Group= Aldose

Question 3

(4.1) What are optical isomers or stereoisomers?

Answer 3

Stereoisomers- compounds that have the same chemical formula, only differ from one another in terms of their spatial arrangement.

Question 4

(4.1) What are enantiomers?

Answer 4

**Enantiomers-* Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable

Any molecule that contains chiral carbons and no internal planes of symmetry has an enantiomer.

Question 5

(4.1) What are diastereomers?

Answer 5

Diastereomers are non-super imposable configurations of molecules with similar connectivity. They differ at last one- but not all- chiral carbons. These also include epimers and anomers.

Question 6

(4.1) What’s the difference between enantiomers, diastereomers, and epimers?

Answer 6

Enantiomers- The same sugars, in different optical families, are enantiomers (such as d-glucose and L-glucose)

Diastereomers- Two sugars that are in the same family (both are either ketoses or aldoses, and have the same number of carbons) that are not identical and are not mirror images of each other are diastereomers.

Epimers- A special subtype of diastereomers are those that differ in configuration at exactly on chiral center. These are defined as epimers (such as d-ribose and d-arabinose, which only differ at C-2)

Question 7

(4.1) What is the name for a five-carbon sugar with an aldehyde group? A six carbon sugar with a ketone group?

Answer 7

Aldopentose
Ketohexose