Anodising is a process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer - Use an electric current and a solution - Anodising increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance

4. Cart and Propellants Flashcards by Scott Welham

Components of the Breech Loading System? (3)

Tubes / primers
Bagged charge
projectile

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Components of a Quick Firing System?(3)

Cart case with primer
Propelling charge
Projectile

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Types of ammunition for QF guns and explain each (3+3)

QF fixed - CART and proj packaged together
QF semi-fixed - Proj in CART case but can be removed to adjust charge
QF separate - projectile and cart case are packaged separately

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Requirements of a Cartridge case? (4)

PEPH

PROTECTION of contents
Easy loading and extraction
Provide efficient OBTURATION
house primer

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Advantages of Fixed vs Semi-fixed/separate

Fixed
- loaded as one unit
- no weak point
Semi-fixed/Separate
- Stowage easier
- adjustable charge
- can replace a damaged Cart case

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Explain Advantages and obturation of QF vs BL

QF higher rate of fire
QF obturation provided by Cart case, BL by gun
BL no Cart case

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What are the types of bagged charges? (4)

Equal
Unequal
Stem & ring
Stem and segment

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Design considerations of charge bags? (6)

Non-smolder
Non-stretch
Non-wear
Entirely consumed on firing
be vermin and rot proof
permeable to flash from tube

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Definition of Consumable vs Combustible

Consumble is inert and does’t contribute to the explosive process
Combustible - material that can be burned and contribute to the production of propellant gases

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List the charge types (7)

Normal
Super
Blank
De-coppering
Reduced
Fractional
Incremental charge

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List the HE filling techniques (4+)

CASTING
Straight pour (the) creamed () liquid and biscuit
PRESSING
EXTRUDING
PRE-FORMING
-mines

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List the types of sealant Shell linings (5)

Shellac
Copal varnish
Lacquer
Resin
Bitumen

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Disadvantages of hot filling HE? (3)

Shrinkage
Dusting
Cracking

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List the types of Corrosion (5)

Rust
Aluminium Oxidation
Cupric Azide
Zinc Exudation
MAZAK contamination

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List the types of Corrosion (5)

Rust
Aluminium Oxide
Cupric Azide
Zinc Exudation
MAZAK contamination

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What is Cupric Azide contamination

Copper detonators containing Lead Azide,
moisture liberates Hydrozoic acid
which attacks the copper

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List the factors affecting Shell design (6)

S U B S E T
Safe handling
User requirements
Ballistic performance
Strength to withstand firing stressors
Economy in manufacture
Target effect

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Forces acting on a Projectile

GASH CDSD
Gas pressure
Acceleration
Setback
Heat
Centrifugal
Driving band pressures
Side slap
Drag

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Ormal material and Type of manufacturing methods of a shell? (4)

Normally steel
Cast
Forged
Extruded

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Define Anodise

Anodising is a process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer

Use an electric current and a solution
Anodising increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance

What is copper used for in ammunition? (5)

Cartridge cases
Driving bands
Detonators
SAA jackets
Shaped charge liners

Why use Brass for Cart cases? (4)

Malleable and Ductile
Performs well in most equipment
Metallurgy techniques are known
Does not corrode

Requirements for Tracer composition are: (4)

luminosity
Strength
Consistency
Ease of ignition

Classifications of tracer

tracer projectile
Tracer and igniter
Integral tracer

Means for igniting tracer

direct ignition | Via the propellant

The Cart case must be able to:

Protect the propellant Provide early obturation by expanding ASAP Recover to a diameter less than chamber

Methods to attach projectile to Cart cases (3)

Coning - turned into a groove at the mouth Canneluring - pressing into the (cylindrical) shape Both

Combustible cart cases - advantages

everything is loaded into the chamber and pla1ys a part in the ballistics All is consumed Weight

Methods for sealing tracer (4)

- Brass or celluloid discs or cups - nitroglycerine and Carbamite - Bakelite discs

What are the main types of plastics used in ammunition? | Describe differences

Thermo plastic - can be reheated and reshaped Thermosetting plastic - incapable of being softened

What are the types of natural fibres used in ammunition?(4)

Cellulose Silk Wool Rubber

What adhesive is used for non permanent seals?

luting

What are the Methods to attach Driving Bands?

Split Ring | Solid ring

Methods to prevent twist of Driving bands?

wavy rib | Knurling

Why are Driving bands used?

centre projectile Prevent fwd escape of gases Prevent slip back

Components of a Primer (5)

``` Body Cap Anvil Plug Magazine ```

types of Primers

Percussion Electric - Bridge wire - Conducting Cap

Projectile Types

Operational Weapon functioning/inspection Training

Define projectile

object capable of being propelled by a force and continuing its motion via KE

RCL ammunition design

perforated Cart case | Solid Cart case with bow out rear disc

Describe the Blow Out Disc system

``` Propellant charge initiated Pressure builds, disc ruptures, Projectile propelled forward Rear gases out through venturi ```

Disadvantages of the RCL systems

Dust signature Low velocity Large propelling charge

Methods to increasing range

``` improved weapon performance Post firing boost Improved Ballistic coefficients Sub calibre Rocket assisted projectiles Extended range full bore ```

How does the Rocket Assisted Projectile function (5)

Rocket cap removed Propellant gases ignite delay comp of 7 sec Delay ignites rocket igniter and main rotor propellant Boost phase 2 secs, sustain 7 secs Gases released through venturi

Types of projectiles (9)

``` Smoke Illumination Conventional Anti-personnel sub projectiles Flare Incendiary Radar echo Chemical Propaganda ```

Methods of operation for carrier shells

Bursting Base ejection Nose ejection Base emission

What is a carrier projectile?

Projectile body that is used as a vehicle for conveying a payload

What is a Supplementry charge?

a cylindrical container with Comp B | used to fill the cavity below the fuze in deep cavity projectiles

Requirements for a Driving band

No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel Cater for change in bore diameter Remain firmly attached Not alter ballistic shape of the projectile Cause no excessive friction Simple to make and fit