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Plant Pathology PLNT305 > 4. Classification > Flashcards

4. Classification Flashcards

1
Q

List four ways of classifying plant diseases.

A
  1. Based on host plants attacked
  2. Based on symptoms
  3. Based on plant organs attacked
  4. Based on causal agents
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2
Q

What two major types of causal agents can you have?

A
  1. Biotic - Infectious agents

2. Abiotic - Non-infectious factors

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3
Q

List three biotic infectious agents.

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Prokaryota
  3. Eukaryota
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4
Q

List five Eukaryota.

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Chromista
  3. Mycota - Fungi
  4. Animalea - Nematodes
  5. Plantae - Higher plants
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5
Q

What are some examples of abiotic agents?

A
  • too low or high temperature
  • lack or excess of moisture, light
  • lack of oxygen
  • air pollution
  • nutrient deficiency
  • mineral toxicity
  • pesticide toxicity
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6
Q

Are fungi more closely related to animals or plants?

A

Clearly more to ANIMALS

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7
Q

Order of classification.

A

L,D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S

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8
Q

What do viruses consist of?

A

Nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA and surrounded by coat of protein subunits=capsid

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9
Q

What shapes can viruses have?

A

rod, spherical or polyhedral

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10
Q

What are the transmission ways of viruses ?

A
  • through host wound
  • sap transmitted
  • by animals and microbes
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11
Q

Do prokaryotes have DNA?

A

Yes, but not enclosed in a nucleus

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12
Q

What do bacteria cell walls contain?

A

glucans or glucose amines

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13
Q

How are bacteria without cell wall called?

A

phytoplasma or mycoplasma like organisms

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14
Q

What shapes can prokaryotes have?

A
  • spherical (cocci)
  • rods (bacilli)
  • spiral (spirilla)
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15
Q

Prokaryote mode of reproduction is___

A

binary fission

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16
Q

Give an example of a Protozoa (specie)

A

Plasmodiophora brassicae

17
Q

Are Protozoa fungus?

A

No, they are fungal-like organisms

18
Q

What are the two kingdoms which are “pseudo” fungus?

A

Protozoa and chromista

19
Q

Give two examples of chromistas (genus)

A

Phytophthora and Plasmopara

20
Q

What is the body of the chromista made of?

21
Q

What does mycelium contain?

A

Branches called hyphae

22
Q

Are they unicellular?

A

No, they are generally multicellular and have cell walls.

23
Q

What are the three main Fungi classes?

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
24
Q

What are two main characteristics of fungi cells?

A
  • they do not have chlorophyll pigments

- cell wall contain chitin

25
What is chitin?
a long chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine a derivate of glucose
26
What are the fungi body composed of?
Mycelium
27
Give an example of a parasitic higher plant.
- Dwarf Mistletoe: have no chlorophyll so they parasite coniferous trees - Dodder: a parasitic vine on alfalfa - Striga: parasitic on sorghum, corn
28
What are nematodes?
Worms, invertebrate non-segmented round worms
29
Are they mostly parasitic?
No, most are free-living in soil, feeding on microbes. Some are animal and plant parasites.
30
Which systems do they have in their organism?
- alimentary - reproductive - nervous
31
Which systems do they lack?
- respiratory | - circulatory
32
What characteristic do all plant pathogenic nematodes have?
Stylet | BUT not all stylet nematodes are plant pathogenic
33
What do they use their stylet for?
To pierce plant cells and suck sap as the stylet is hollow.
34
What are two examples of air pollution affecting plants' health?
- Ozone (O3) | - Acid rain
35
Where does O3 come from?
produced by a photochemical reaction between hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide primarily from auto-exhaust smog
36
Where does acid rain come from?
- factory emission releasing sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide (coal) and nitrous oxides (auto engines) - Forest decline smog, acid rain, winter kill, etc.
37
Which pH does acid rain have?
low, from pH=3-4

Plant Pathology PLNT305 (12 decks)

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