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TS3: Corrosion Engineering > 4 - Corrosion of Metals and Alloys > Flashcards

4 - Corrosion of Metals and Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of non-metallic corrosion?

A

Chemical Reaction Corrosion
Physical Interaction Corrosion

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2
Q

In chemical reaction corrosion, what affects the corrosion of polymers?

A

Effect of Heat
Effect of UV Radiation
Effect of Water
Effect of Ozone

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3
Q

This occurs when polymers are exposed to heat above a specified temperature limit, which is unique for each type of polymer.

A

Chain scission

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4
Q

What are the types degradation in physical interaction corrosion?

A

Thermal degradation
Photodegradation
Oxidative degradation
Hydrolytic degradation
Biodegradation
Oxidative Photodegradation
Thermoxidative degradation
Photo hydrolytic degradation

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5
Q

There are materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. These materials have unique properties, depending on the type of molecules being bonded and how they are bonded.

A

Polymers

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6
Q

These materials do not experience a specific corrosion rate. They are usually completely resistant to chemical attack or they deteriorate rapidly.

A

Plastic

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7
Q

Plastics are attacked by either _____ or ______.

A

Chemical reaction
Solvation

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8
Q

It is the penetration of the plastic by a corrodent, which causes softening, swelling, and ultimate failure.

A

Solvation

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9
Q

Classification of Corrosion of plastics:

A

Disintegration or degradation
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Radiation
Thermal Degradation
Dehydration

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10
Q

Corrosion of plastics due to absorption, permeation, solvent action, or other factor.

A

Disintegration or degradation

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11
Q

Corrosion of plastics where chemical bonds are attacked.

A

Oxidation

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12
Q

Corrosion of plastics where ester linkages are attacked.

A

Hydrolysis

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13
Q

Causes of radiation in polymeric materials.

A

Embrittlement
Fading
Surface cracking
Chalking

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14
Q

It is a molecular migration through microvoids either in the polymer or between polymer molecules. This is detrimental when a polymer is used to line piping or equipment.

A

Permeation

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15
Q

Permeation is a function of these two variables:

A
  1. Relating to diffusion between molecular chains.
  2. Relating to solubility of the permeant in the polymer.
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16
Q

Factors affecting permeation:

A

Temperature
Pressure
Permeant concentration
Thickness of the polymer

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17
Q

What is the relationship of permeation rate, solubility, and temperature?

A

Directly proportional

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18
Q

Relationship of permeation rate of gases with partial pressure gradient, permeation rate, and corrosion rate?

A

Directly proportional

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19
Q

Permeation rate decreases with the ________ of thickness.

A

squared

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20
Q

Relationship of density and permeation rate.

A

Inversely proportional

21
Q

This can cause softening of the polymer, introduce high stresses, and cause failure of the bond on lined components.

A

Swelling

22
Q

These plastics reacts well to chemicals and other corrosive agents.

A

Polypropylene
High density polyethylene (HDPE)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

23
Q

It is a material that is neither metallic nor organic. It may be crystalline, glassy, or both. It is typically hard and chemically non reactive and can be formed or densified with heat.

A

Ceramic

24
Q

Ceramic materials with exceptional chemical resistance:

A

Alumina
Silicates
Silicon carbide

25
Q

It takes place in a ceramic materials as a result of chemical dissolution. The corrosion product formed is non protective, being either poorly adherent, soluble, or a good transport medium for the corrodent to the ceramic face.

A

Uniform corrosion

26
Q

Factors affecting ceramic degradation:

A

Frost
Mold growth
Impact and abrasion
Water
Soluble salts

27
Q

Mold growth occurs in ceramic due to high _______:

A

Humidity

28
Q

At what temperature water can dissolve or deform ceramics that have been low fired?

A

600 C

29
Q

In _____ humidity, salts become ______. In _____ humidity, salts _______.

A. High, crystallize. Low, soluble
B. Low, crystallize, High, soluble
C. Low, soluble. High crystallize
D. High, soluble. Low, crystallize

A

D

30
Q

Composites are also known as _______.

A

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) Composites

31
Q

These are mad of polymer matrix that is reinforced with an engineered, man-made or natural fiber (like glass, carbon or aramid), or other reinforcing material.

A

Composites

32
Q

This is a vital procedure that includes the examination and measurement of the attributes of polymers, engineering plastics, composites, coatings, and paints to ascertain the reason for failure.

A

Failure Analysis of Polymeric Materials

33
Q

Common modes of polymeric materials failures:

A

Plastic deformation
Crazing
Fatigue
Thermal and residual stress
Physical aging
Moisture effect
Photodegradation
Chemical attack

34
Q

Two prominent mechanisms of plastic deformation:

A

Slip
Twinning

35
Q

_____ and _____ are used to shape objects into desired form.

A

Pressure and heat

36
Q

________ causes rapid material changes, and at times, unable to conform to the structural changes, the material may break.

A

Speed of stress

37
Q

This occurs in high compact plastics due to the combined effect of stress and aggressive environment.

A

Crazing

38
Q

This prolonged cyclical stresses cause undue or unexpected wear on a part until it ultimately fails.

A

Fatigue

39
Q

In _______, repeated support of extreme weights can cause fibers to tear.

In _______, prolonged of cyclical exposure to weight or pressure can cause cracks that eventually leads to failure.

A

Composites, polymers.

40
Q

Plastic deformation mechanism that occurs below glass transition temperature, and materials becomes brittle.

A

Physical aging

41
Q

This is a common feature in failure of ceramic components. It occurs at a critical velocity, which is of the order of half the speed of sound in the specific glass under study.

A

Crack Branching

42
Q

Material selection for non metallics:

A

Rubbers
Plastics
Ceramics
Carbon and graphite
Wood

43
Q

This material possesses excellent corrosion and high temperature resistance, with the main disadvantages being brittle and low tensile strength.

A

Ceramics

44
Q

This material shows good corrosion resistance, electric and heat conductivity, but are fragile.

A

Carbon

45
Q

Changing mediums as prevention strategies in the corrosion of non metals:

A
  1. Lowering temperature
  2. Lowering pressure
  3. Changing permeant concentration
  4. Increasing permeant thickness and density
  5. Decreasing velocity
  6. Removing oxygen/oxidizers
46
Q

This type of corrosion in non metals occurs at high velocities.

A

Erosion corrosion

47
Q

True or False.

Non metals has a better resistance to stagnant solutions than flowing mediums.

A

True

48
Q

This chemical reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen from feedwater.

A

Oxygen scavenger

49
Q

Pairing oxygen scavenger with ______ greatly reduces the amount of chemical use.

A

Deaerator

TS3: Corrosion Engineering (6 decks)

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