4⃣ Demography 3) Deaths Flashcards
What does death rate mean
⚫️is number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
➡️has almost halved from 19 in 1900
➡️down to 10 by 2007
What does number of deaths mean
⚫️been fairly stable since 1900 ➡️but there has been fluctuations ➡️e.g. ➡️The two world wars ➡️1918 flu epidemic
Describe the death rates in the UK
⚫️1870- began falling
➡️continuing until 1930
⚫️rose slightly during 1930 and 1940
➡️due to economic depression and world war two
⚫️since 1950
➡️declined slightly s
What was the reasons for the fall in death rate
⚫️upto 1970 ➡️3/4 of the decline ➡️was due to fall in deaths ➡️from infectious diseases ➡️such as TB, measles, smallpox etc
What social factors was the decline largely brought about by
⚫️improved nutrition
⚫️medical improvements
⚫️public health improvements
⚫️other social changes
How was improved nutrition a reason for the fall in the death rate
⚫️McKeown
➡️better diet accounted for half the reduction in death rate
➡️by increasing peoples resistance to infection
How was medical improvements a reason for the fall in the death rate
⚫️before 1950
➡️medical improvement played little part
➡️in reducing deaths from infection
⚫️from 1950s
➡️death rate fell
➡️vaccination, antibiotics, better maternity sevices, creation of NHS 1949
How was public health improvements a reason for the fall in the death rate
⚫️more effective government ➡️with power to pass and enforce laws ➡️led to improved public health ➡️better housing ➡️purer drinking water ➡️cleaner air ➡️laws against adulteration of food ➡️improved sewage disposal
What other social changes was a reason for the fall in the death rate
⚫️decline of dangerous manual occupation
➡️mining
⚫️smaller families
➡️reduced transmission of infections
⚫️greater public knowledge
➡️of causes of illness
Evaluate the reasons for the falling death rate
⚫️although medical profession often claim the credit of fall in death rate
➡️social and economic factors
➡️had much more impact overall
What does life expectancy mean
⚫️refers to how long
➡️on average
➡️a person born in a given year
➡️can expect to live
Describe the life expectancy in the UK
⚫️for babies born in 1990
➡️50 years -males
➡️57 years- females
⚫️for babies born in 2005
➡️77 years - males
➡️81 years - females
Explain how the fall in IMR led to an increase in life expectancy
⚫️low life expectancy in 1900
➡️largely due to high IMR
➡️pulling down the average life expectancy
➡️of the population as a whole
➡️as IMR fell
➡️life expectancy rose
