4. DOGS: Parvoviral enteritis (Canine PARVOVIRUS 1 and 2)

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

-contagious disease of dogs

-parvoviral enteritis

Question 2

caused by

Answer 2

Parvovirus

Question 3

characterized by

Answer 3

severe enteritis, anorexia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea and shock

Question 4

agent

Answer 4

-canine parvovirus 1 and 2

Question 5

highly

Answer 5

CONTAGIOUS

Question 6

extremely

Answer 6

-resistant - can survive over 7 months in envi

-resistant to most disinfectants (except bleach)

Question 7

HR

Answer 7

dogs

Question 8

affects almost exclusively

Answer 8

-PUPPIES less 8 months old

-unvaccinated adults

Question 9

suspected breed predisposition

Answer 9

-doberman pinscher

-rottweiler

-pit bull

-German shepherd

-dachshund breeds

> toy poodles and cocker spaniels have below-normal degree of risk

Question 10

occurs

Answer 10

worldwide and year around ; more common during warmer and wetter seasons

Question 11

risk factors

Answer 11

-unvaccinated puppies or pups less than 7 weeks age with poor maternal immunity

> unvaccinated dogs are 12.7x more likely to develop parvovirus enteritis!!!!!

-exposure to high viral loads

-immunosuppression = systemic illness, cancer chemotherapy

Question 12

mortality is

Answer 12

HIGH without Tx

Question 13

transmission: excretion

Answer 13

-feces

> shedding 4-5 days after exposure ; occurs for total of 7-10 days , usually ending by day 14 after exposure

Question 14

ways of transmission

Answer 14

-direct contact

-fomites

Question 15

route of transmission

Answer 15

fecal-oral

Question 16

IP

Answer 16

3-14 days

Question 17

CS: courses

Answer 17

-subclinical (piilevä)

-mild

-moderate

-severe enteritis

Question 18

CS: acute onset of

Answer 18

> lethargy (often first sign)

> anorexia

> vomiting

> diarrhea (often hemorrhagic )

Question 19

CS: moderate and severe enteritis

Answer 19

> lethargy

> dehydration (tacky oral MM)

-palpably fluid-filled intestines
>abdominal palpation may induce vomiting or retching

> fever

> tachycardia

Question 20

CS: severe enteritis

Answer 20

-hypovolemic shock with altered mentation

> may be due to septic shock , hypoglycemia and hypothermia

Question 21

associated conditions and disorders

Answer 21

-helminthiasis, giardiasis, coccidiosis and coronavirus infections may occur concurrently

-sepsis is likely prevalent on parvovirus enteritis cases because bacteremia is common

> in 90% of dogs that died of parvovirus enteritis, microbial liver or lung cultures revealed growth of E.coli

Question 22

possible complications

Answer 22

-intussusception or rectal prolapse

-septic arthritis or endocarditis

-acute respiratory stress syndrome

-pneumonia (embolic, aspiration or opportunistic)

Question 23

DDx

Answer 23

-any severe acute gastroenteritis

-distemper

-salmonellosis

-coronaviral enteritis

-foreign body/intussusception

Question 24

suspect when

Answer 24

-anorexia

-vomiting

-diarrhea

-lethargy, or combination of these

-typically in young and usually unvaccinated dog

Question 25

diagnosis: material

Answer 25

-blood -feces

Question 26

diagnosis: in lab

Answer 26

-ELISA snap test- test of choice > sensitive and specific > false-positive result possible after recent vaccination (starts 5 days after, continues for 1 week)

Question 27

Tx goals

Answer 27

-normalize hydration, potassium and glucose -control vomiting -control pain -feed early

Question 28

prevention

Answer 28

-adequate VACCINATION -owner should limit environmental access for puppies until they are fully vaccinated -dogs that survive parvovirus enteritis generally have immunity to reinfection (lifelong)

Question 29

control

Answer 29

WEAR GLOVES and use strict hygiene when handling these patients