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455 > 4 - Drug Seeking Drug Dependence and Tobacco Cessation > Flashcards

4 - Drug Seeking Drug Dependence and Tobacco Cessation Flashcards

1
Q

What describes the “non-use” in the substance use spectrum?

A

States the avoiding of use of substances (abstinence)

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2
Q

What describes the “beneficial use” in the substance use spectrum?

A

Use that can have positive health, social, or spiritual effects

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3
Q

What is described in the “lower-risk use” in the susbtance use spectrum?

A

Use that has a minimal impact on a person, their family, friends and others.

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4
Q

What is described in the “higher-risk use” in the substance use spectrum?

A

Use that has a harmful and negative impact to a person, their family, friends and others.

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5
Q

What is described in “addiction” in the substance use spectrum?

A

A treatable medical condition that affects the brain and involves compulsive and continuous use despite negative impacts to a person, their family, friends and others

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5
Q

What is substance abuse?

A

It is the inappropriate or misuse of drugs or chemicals or the self-administration of a drug in a manner inconsistent with a culture’s medical or social patterns.

Does included non-sanctioned use of controlled substances of the use of legal pharmaceuticals outside of the scope of medical and dental practices

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6
Q

T or F, addiction is a treatable disease.

A

True, addiction is a treatable disease.

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7
Q

What is addiction?

A

It is a compulsive use of a drug despite adverse medical and social consequences, where acquiring and using a drug becomes the most important activity in the user’s life (drug-seeking behaviour); loss of control regarding drug use

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8
Q

What are the most commonly abused classes of drugs?

A

1.) Opioids
2.) CNS depressants/ Benzodiazipines
3.) Stimulants

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9
Q

What questions do we ask to our patients in regards to drug use?

A
  • Comprehensive health history
  • Ask about prescription and non-prescription drugs
  • Ask about a history of substance abuse.
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10
Q

What is tolerance?

A
  • It is when an individual becomes accustomed to a dose.
  • Where they need a higher amount to notice the same effects.
  • Develops over time.
  • Greater risk of overdose
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11
Q

What is dependence?

A

It is when the body becomes accustomed to the amount
- Natural reaction when used for a period of time
- Lower dose causes withdrawal symptoms
- Physical dependence can occur with prescription medication: negative impact on the individual and others

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12
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

It is the natural reaction when the drug is stopped.
It is dependent upon:
- which drug?
- how much of the drug?
- How long the drug was used?
- How long alcohol was used?

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13
Q

What are the risks and adverse effects of drug dependence?

A
  • Sympathomimetic effects (can induce hart attacks)
  • Amphetamines
  • Methamphetamines
  • Cocaine
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14
Q

In who is benzodiazepine most often prescribed to?

A

Women and seniors

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of benzodiazepines that exist?

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Midozolam (Ativan)

16
Q

What are the risks of benzodiazepines?

A
  • Risks of cognitive impairment
  • Possible Falls
  • Vehicle collisions
  • Adjustments to the care plan are required
17
Q

If a patient is intoxicated, it it right to defer treatment?

A

Yes as the patient is responsible for remaining sober if they prove to have no capacity of consenting for themselves

18
Q

T or F, nicotine addiction is addictive as heroine or cocaine.

A

True

19
Q

What percentage of individuals who experiment with nicotine become regular users?

A

33% to 50%

20
Q

What percentage of individuals are addicted to nicotine?

A

70% to 90%

21
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of nicotine addiction?

A
  • Depression
  • Insomnia
  • Irritability
  • Anxiety
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight gain
  • Carving for nicotine
22
Q

What are key points to remember in regards to quit smoking?

A
  • Using meds and nicotine replacement products can double your chances of quitting
  • counselling
  • rare for someone to get addicted to nicotine medicines as they slowly release at low levels into your bloodstream.
23
Q

When do nicotine withdrawal syndromes peak?

A

Peak after 3 days, subsides 3 to 4 weeks, may be prolonged

24
Q

What are the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal syndrome?

A
  • Cravings
  • Anger
  • Irritability/mood swings
  • Anxiety
  • Poor concentration
  • Restlessness
  • Insomnia
  • Weight gain
25
Q

What is smoking cessation?

A

Urge to resume is recurrent and persistent even after the withdrawal symptoms have dissipated

26
Q

What are the medications used WITHOUT nicotine?

A

Varenicline (Champix)
Bupropion (Zyban)

27
Q

What are the medications used as nicotine replacement therapy?

A
  • Gum and lozenges
  • Patches
  • Inhalers
28
Q

What are the nicotine replacement therapies used for clients using pharmacoterapeutic agents?

A
  • Patch
  • Lozenge
  • Gum
  • Inhaler
29
Q

What are pharmacotherapeutic agents used for clients with nicotine addiction?

A
  • Bupropion
  • Varenicline
30
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Bupropion SR? (Zyban)

A
  • Inhibits reuptake of dopamine
  • Non-competitive nicotine receptor antagonist
31
Q

What are the indications of use for Bupropion SR (Zyban)

A

Smoking cessation +/- nicotine replacement therapy
indicated for the symptomatic relief of major depressive illness.

32
Q

What are the advantages of Bupropion?

A
  • Oral formulation
  • consider for patients with co-existing depression
  • May delay weight gain
33
Q

What are disadvantages of Bupropion ?

A

Side effects: dry mouth, insomnia, agitation, unease, risk for seizures

34
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Varenicline?

A

Partial agonist of a nicotinic receptor subtype

35
Q

What are the indications of use?

A

Smoking cessation in adults

36
Q

What are the side effects of Varenicline?

A

Nausea and vomiting, increased dreaming, headache, dizziness, trouble sleeping, constipation.

37
Q

What are some precautions and warnings taken for Varenicline?

A
  • Psychiatric symptoms - greater in patients with hx
  • Avoid alcohol while taking
    Slightly increased risk for patients with heart problems

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