4 - Evolutionary Perspectives

Question 1

3 factors that distinguish primates

Answer 1

Social complexity *complex social cognition), large brain (much larger than other species, with more brain cells per unit), life-history (extended infant dependence and adolescence, longer lives)

Question 2

Social brain theory

Answer 2

Hypothesis that complex social lives of primates requires large brain. This in turn requires longer development time.

Question 3

What is the social brain?

Answer 3

mPFC recognizes and interprets communicative intentions of others. Frontal insula associates own emotional state with other. Amygdala. TPJ, STS, ACC, etc.

Question 4

Mirror neurons

Answer 4

Suggested to be associated with primate specializations such as imitation, language acquisition, empathy, theory of mind. Somewhat supported by study showing more empathy with more mirror neuron activation.

Question 5

Von Economo neurons

Answer 5

May be required for big brains or responsible for higher order function of big brains.

Question 6

Evolutionary Development Psychology

Answer 6

Examines genetic and ecological mechanisms along with epigenetic processes. Principles: 1. Continuous and bidirectional gene-environment interactions. 2. Constrained by genetic and environmental factors. 3. Extended childhood necessary for human social. 4. Many aspects of childhood pave way for adulthood. 5. Some only have adaptive function at the time. 6. Children with plasticity.

Question 7

“Instinct” and “innate”

Answer 7

Categorizing behaviors into “innate” and “non-innate” kind of counterproductive because the line can’t really be drawn.