4: Flower and Fruit, Life cycle of flowering plants, pollination, fruit and seed dispersal, germination: Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the function of the root cap?
It protects the apical meristem as the root pushes through soil.
What happens in the region of elongation?
Cells elongate here, pushing the root tip forward.
Where does the male gametophyte develop and what does it become?
In the anther; meiosis forms microspores → mitosis produces pollen with a vegetative and generative cell.
Where does the female gametophyte develop and what forms?
In the ovule; meiosis forms a megaspore → becomes the embryo sac with an egg cell.
What’s the vegetative cell’s role in a pollen grain?
Forms the pollen tube to deliver sperm to the ovule
What does the generative cell do?
Divides to form two sperm cells for fertilization.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
Difference between self- and cross-pollination?
Self = same flower or plant;
Cross = between different plants.
What happens to the ovary and ovules after fertilization?
Ovary → fruit;
Ovules → seeds.
What’s the main function of the endosperm?
It provides nutrition (carbs, proteins, fats) to the embryo.
Main parts of a eudicot seed?
Embryo with two cotyledons, seed coat, and sometimes endosperm
Main parts of a monocot seed?
Embryo with one cotyledon, seed coat, and a large endosperm.
Key difference between monocot and eudicot seeds?
Cotyledon number:
monocots = 1, eudicots = 2.
What’s a fleshy fruit? Example?
Has a soft pericarp; ex: grape.
What’s a dry fruit? Example?
Has a hard or papery pericarp; ex: sunflower seed.
What are dehiscent fruits? Example?
Split open at maturity to release seeds; ex: bean pod
What are indehiscent fruits?
Do not split open; seeds remain enclosed
